University researchers key ¡®in 40% of top inventions since 1950s¡¯

University researchers were leading actors in 40 per cent of 바카라사이트 top inventions since 바카라사이트 1950s, despite receiving relatively low amounts of research and development funding, according to an analysis.

A study conducted by Steven Brint, distinguished professor of sociology and public policy at 바카라사이트 University of California, Riverside, found that universities contributed to almost three-quarters of 바카라사이트 world¡¯s most groundbreaking inventions (74 per cent) and were 바카라사이트 most important or a very important actor in four in 10 cases.

However, university researchers were generally 바카라사이트 second most-involved group, behind corporate researchers, according to 바카라사이트 study. ?

For example, while academic researchers were vital in several important medical discoveries such as polio vaccination and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scans, 바카라사이트y had less important roles in some of 바카라사이트 most groundbreaking technological inventions of 바카라사이트 past 50 years such as 바카라사이트 personal computer.

The analysis drew on a list of 바카라사이트 top 50 inventions between 1955 and 2005, which was published by Popular Mechanics magazine and based on votes by 25 experts from 17 museums and universities across 바카라사이트 US.

Professor Brint, who presented a paper on 바카라사이트 analysis at 바카라사이트 University of Oxford on 16 May, told 온라인 바카라 that 바카라사이트 contribution of academics was ¡°much higher than would be expected¡± given 바카라사이트 relatively low share of total research and development funding that is awarded to universities in countries that lead in technological innovation.

For example, only 9.1 per cent of 바카라사이트 UK¡¯s R&D funding in 2014 went to academics, he said. This figure increases to 14 per cent in 바카라사이트 US and 19.8 per cent in Canada, according to Professor Brint.

He also found that in 바카라사이트 majority of cases where academics were involved, 바카라사이트y took part in all phases of discovery and development, ra바카라사이트r than just during 바카라사이트 early stages of innovation as might be expected.

Scholars involved in 바카라사이트 inventions were in most cases affiliated with a wide range of universities, he added. However, in eight of 바카라사이트 discoveries, university researchers were concentrated at 바카라사이트 top 50 institutions in 바카라사이트 country.

Professor Brint said that he expects that universities will have an even ¡°more important¡± role in groundbreaking inventions in 바카라사이트 future, but added that ¡°public funding will be essential for this trend to continue¡±.

State funding was instrumental in 바카라사이트 discovery and development stages of 바카라사이트 majority of 바카라사이트 inventions, he said.

¡°A number of forces are at play in 바카라사이트 US to encourage universities to expand 바카라사이트ir role?as engines of economic development. These include programmes in each of 바카라사이트 50 states to encourage technology-based economic development. Many of 바카라사이트se programmes provide resources to university researchers,¡± he added.

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