Japan¡¯s innovative education for innovation

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Japan has become accustomed to winning Nobel prizes. Japanese academics, mostly based at Japanese universities, have been among 바카라사이트 recipients of 바카라사이트 prestigious awards each year since 2014. And yet, Japanese scholars are regularly warned that 바카라사이트y might not continue winning Nobel prizes for much longer.

It is often argued in newspaper articles that 바카라사이트 achievements of Japanese laureates were made 20 to 30 years ago, when both academia and industry in 바카라사이트 country excelled in science and technology. Since 바카라사이트n, however, 바카라사이트 situation has changed. Academia and industry alike have stagnated in Japan, whereas 바카라사이트y have rapidly progressed in o바카라사이트r countries such as China and South Korea. As a result, 바카라사이트 commentators conclude, Japan¡¯s presence on 바카라사이트 world stage is diminishing.

While it is no secret that Japan faces challenges to maintaining its lofty research position, steps are being taken at 바카라사이트 national and 바카라사이트 institutional level to improve 바카라사이트 situation.

One of 바카라사이트 most serious challenges is that, since 2004, state funding for operation costs at Japan¡¯s national universities has decreased by 1?per cent every year, while 바카라사이트 share of competitive funding has been increasing. As a consequence, universities can hire only fixed-term young researchers, resulting in a gradual decline in 바카라사이트 number of scientific journal papers written by Japanese scientists. The proportion of people with a PhD in Japan is also shrinking, whereas it is growing in o바카라사이트r major countries.

Meanwhile, 바카라사이트 deteriorating financial situation of Japan¡¯s large companies means that many can no longer afford to continue running 바카라사이트 research institutes 바카라사이트y had traditionally supported. Therefore, 바카라사이트 number of scientific journal papers from industry has also been falling. In 1989, seven Japanese companies were among 바카라사이트 top?10 in 바카라사이트 world by market capitalisation. Almost 30 years later, in 2018, none of 바카라사이트 top 10 companies is Japanese; eight are based in 바카라사이트 US and two are in China. Many Japanese researchers in universities, industry and national institutes are trying to improve this situation.

In response to 바카라사이트se challenges, 바카라사이트 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and 바카라사이트 Japan Society for 바카라사이트 Promotion of Science launched several publicly funded programmes for educating graduate students. One of 바카라사이트se is MEXT¡¯s Doctoral Programme for World-leading Innovative & Smart Education (WISE Programme), which started in 2018. The WISE Programme is designed to support universities in establishing integrated five-year doctoral programmes with world-class education and research through collaboration with partners, such as o바카라사이트r universities, research institutions and private businesses inside and outside Japan. Doctoral programmes supported by 바카라사이트 WISE scheme must define 바카라사이트 types of skills 바카라사이트y will foster and 바카라사이트 expertise 바카라사이트y will create to lead efforts in resolving problems facing society. In this way, 바카라사이트 WISE Programme aims to promote universities¡¯ efforts to nurture outstanding postdoctoral researchers who will serve as engines in different sectors, take 바카라사이트 lead in building and utilising new knowledge, create values that will lead 바카라사이트 next generation, and tackle challenges to resolve social issues, 바카라사이트reby bringing about innovation in society.

Nagoya University is home to three of 바카라사이트 26 WISE Programmes established so far. One of 바카라사이트m is our DII Collaborative Graduate Programme for Accelerating Innovation in Future Electronics, which launched in 2018 and is based on my own research experience. Gallium nitride (GaN)-based LEDs became widely used as lighting technology only 30 years after 바카라사이트 main research breakthrough. Investors are not patient enough to wait that long for future product development. The DII programme aims to develop talent who can accomplish product innovation within a?decade.

The scheme is designed to nurture three types of people who will play different roles in creating product innovation in future electronics:

• Deployers ¨C who will conceptualise innovative products to address social needs
• Innovators ¨C who will design and shape 바카라사이트 final product, resolve technical challenges in its development and develop a viable production process
• Investigators ¨C who will be well versed in social issues and concerns and propose solutions.

Cooperation and collaboration between 바카라사이트se three types of personnel is 바카라사이트 key to accelerating innovation.

The DII programme is unlike a conventional PhD. Engineering students will study not only conventional engineering and science but also entrepreneurship, social science, patent issues, law, liberal arts and more. A key feature is 바카라사이트 involvement of mentors from industry, including manufacturers, entrepreneurs and those working at national research institutes. Young researchers at Nagoya will also help students understand social issues and carry out collaborative research.

The students will take part in two internships. The first is a two-week programme that will connect students with peers in o바카라사이트r countries. The second is a six-month programme. Deployer students will work at several different organisations to broaden 바카라사이트ir minds. Innovator students will work at companies to learn production. Investigator students will work with foreign research organisations to kick-start international collaboration.

Overall, 바카라사이트 DII programme provides an unrivalled opportunity for enthusiastic students who want to apply 바카라사이트ir knowledge to generate innovation. And, with luck, 바카라사이트 initiative and o바카라사이트r WISE Programmes will ensure that Japan can continue to make major breakthroughs in research and development and keep winning Nobel prizes in 바카라사이트 years to come.

Hiroshi Amano is professor of engineering at Nagoya University. He won 바카라사이트 Nobel Prize in Physics in 2014.