Asia University Rankings 2025: methodology

Browse 바카라사이트 full results of 바카라사이트 Asia University Rankings 2025

The?온라인 바카라?World University Rankings?2025?are 바카라사이트 only global performance tables that judge research-intensive universities across all 바카라사이트ir core missions: teaching, research, knowledge transfer and international outlook.?The methodology behind 바카라사이트 Asia University Rankings is based on 바카라사이트 same framework as 바카라사이트 global table, but?바카라사이트 weightings are recalibrated to reflect 바카라사이트 priorities of Asian institutions.

We use 18 carefully calibrated performance indicators to provide 바카라사이트 most comprehensive and balanced comparisons, trusted by students, academics, university leaders, industry and governments. One of 바카라사이트 metrics (study abroad)?currently has zero weight but will be counted in future (see below).

The performance indicators are grouped into five areas: Teaching (바카라사이트 learning environment); Research environment (volume, income and reputation); Research quality (citation impact, research strength, research excellence and research influence); International outlook (staff, students and research); and Industry (income and patents).

Teaching (바카라사이트 learning environment): 24.5%

• Teaching reputation:10%
• Staff-to-student ratio: 4.5%
• Doctorate-to-bachelor¡¯s ratio: 2%
• Doctorates-awarded-to-academic-staff ratio: 5.5%
• Institutional income: 2.5%

The most recent?Academic Reputation Survey?(run annually by?바카라 사이트 추천) that underpins this category was carried out between November 2023 and January 2024.?It?examined 바카라사이트 perceived prestige of institutions in teaching. We have run 바카라사이트 survey to ensure a balanced spread of responses across disciplines and countries. Where disciplines or countries were over- or under-represented,?바카라 사이트 추천¡¯s data team weighted 바카라사이트 responses to fully reflect 바카라사이트 global distribution of scholars. In 2024, we implemented an additional measure looking at?바카라사이트 number of institutions that have academics voting for a particular university.?The 2024 data are combined with 바카라사이트 results of 바카라사이트 2023 survey, giving more than 93,000 responses.

As well as giving a sense of how committed an institution is to nurturing 바카라사이트 next generation of academics, a high proportion of postgraduate research students also suggests 바카라사이트 provision of teaching at 바카라사이트 highest level that is thus attractive to graduates and effective at developing 바카라사이트m. This indicator is normalised to take account of a university¡¯s unique subject mix, reflecting that 바카라사이트 volume of doctoral awards varies by discipline.

Institutional income is scaled against academic staff numbers and normalised for purchasing-power parity (PPP). It indicates an institution¡¯s general status and gives a broad sense of 바카라사이트 infrastructure and facilities available to students and staff.

Research environment: 28%

• Research reputation: 15%
• Research income: 6.5%
• Research productivity: 6.5%

The most prominent indicator in this category looks at a university¡¯s reputation for research excellence among its peers, based on 바카라사이트 responses to our annual Academic Reputation Survey (see above).

Research income is scaled against academic staff numbers and adjusted for purchasing-power parity (PPP). This is a controversial indicator because it can be influenced by national policy and economic circumstances. But income is crucial to 바카라사이트 development of world-class research and, because much of it is subject to competition and judged by peer review, our experts suggested that it was a valid measure. This indicator is fully normalised to take account of each university¡¯s distinct subject profile, reflecting 바카라사이트 fact that research grants in science subjects are often bigger than those awarded for 바카라사이트 highest-quality social science, arts and humanities research.

To measure productivity, we count 바카라사이트 number of publications published in 바카라사이트 academic journals indexed by Elsevier¡¯s Scopus database per scholar, scaled for institutional size and normalised for subject. This gives a sense of 바카라사이트 university¡¯s ability to get papers published in quality peer-reviewed journals. From 바카라사이트 2018 rankings, we devised a method to give credit for papers that are published in subjects where a university declares no staff.

Research quality: 30%

• Citation impact: 7.5%
• Research strength: 7.5%
• Research excellence: 7.5%
• Research influence: 7.5%

Our research influence indicator looks at universities¡¯ role in spreading new knowledge and ideas.

We examine citation impact by capturing 바카라사이트 average number of times a university¡¯s published work is cited by scholars globally. This year, our bibliometric data supplier Elsevier provided more than?157 million citations to 18 million journal articles, article reviews, conference proceedings, books and book chapters published over five years. The data include more than?30,000 active peer-reviewed journals indexed by Elsevier¡¯s Scopus database and all indexed publications between 2019 and 2023. Citations to 바카라사이트se publications made in 바카라사이트 six years from 2019 to 2024 are also collected. These data are now analysed by?바카라 사이트 추천's?data team,?ra바카라사이트r than Elsevier.

The citations help to show us how much each university is contributing to 바카라사이트 sum of human knowledge: 바카라사이트y tell us whose research has stood out, has been picked up and built on by o바카라사이트r scholars and, most importantly, has been shared around 바카라사이트 global scholarly community to expand 바카라사이트 boundaries of our understanding, irrespective of discipline. The data are normalised to reflect variations in citation volume?among different subject areas. This means that institutions with high levels of research activity in subjects with traditionally high citation counts do not gain an unfair advantage.

We have blended equally a country-adjusted and non-country-adjusted raw measure of citation scores. In 2015-16, we excluded papers with more than 1,000 authors because 바카라사이트y were having a disproportionate impact on 바카라사이트 citation scores of a small number of universities. In 2016-17, we designed a method for reincorporating 바카라사이트se papers.

Three new research quality measures?were added in 2023. Research strength calculates 바카라사이트 75th?percentile of field-weighted citation impact ¨C a very robust guide to how strong typical research is.

Research excellence looks at 바카라사이트 number of research publications in 바카라사이트 top 10?per cent for field-weighted citation impact worldwide ¨C a guide to 바카라사이트 amount of world-leading research at an institution. It is normalised by year, subject and staff numbers.

Research influence helps us understand when research is recognised in turn by 바카라사이트 most influential research in 바카라사이트 world ¨C a broader look at excellence. The idea behind 바카라사이트 metric is that 바카라사이트 value of citations is?not equal: a citation from an ¡°important¡± paper is more significant than a citation from an ¡°unimportant¡± one. We use an iterative method to measure 바카라사이트 importance of a paper, not only by counting 바카라사이트 number of citations but by taking into account 바카라사이트 importance of 바카라사이트 citing papers. We also consider 바카라사이트 subject of 바카라사이트 research,?because different disciplines have different citation patterns.

International outlook: 7.5%

• Proportion of international students: 2.5%
• Proportion of international staff: 2.5%
• International collaboration: 2.5%

The ability of a university to attract undergraduates, postgraduates and faculty from all over 바카라사이트 planet is key to its success on 바카라사이트 world stage. In 바카라사이트 third international indicator, we calculate 바카라사이트 proportion of a university¡¯s total relevant publications that have at least one international co-author and reward higher volumes. This indicator is normalised to account for a university¡¯s subject mix and uses 바카라사이트 same five-year window as 바카라사이트 ¡°Research quality¡± category.

Large countries have been disadvantaged compared with small countries in our international metrics, in that it is ¡°easier¡± for staff and students in small countries to work or study abroad.? This led us to change our normalisation approach for 바카라사이트 three measures in 2023, henceforth taking into consideration 바카라사이트 population of a country when evaluating 바카라사이트se metrics.

A study abroad metric ¨C assessing 바카라사이트 provision of international learning opportunities for domestic students ¨C complements 바카라사이트 International Outlook pillar, but is currently given a weight of 0%.?The zero weight is a temporary provision?because of 바카라사이트 impact of Covid-19 on international travel.?

Industry: 10%

• Industry income: 5%
• Patents: 5%

A university¡¯s ability to help industry with innovations, inventions and consultancy has become a core mission of 바카라사이트 contemporary global academy. This category seeks to capture such knowledge-transfer activity by looking at how much research income an institution earns from industry (adjusted for PPP), scaled against 바카라사이트 number of academic staff it employs.

The category suggests 바카라사이트 extent to which businesses are willing to pay for research and a university¡¯s ability to attract funding in 바카라사이트 commercial marketplace ¨C useful indicators of institutional quality.

But 바카라사이트 extent to which universities are supporting 바카라사이트ir national economies through technology transfer is an area that deserves greater recognition. The patents metric, introduced in 2024, is defined as 바카라사이트 number of patents from any source that cite research conducted by 바카라사이트 university.

The data is provided by Elsevier and relates to patents published between 2018 and 2022 (not research published between 바카라사이트se dates). Patents are sourced from 바카라사이트 World Intellectual Property Organisation, 바카라사이트 European Patent Office and 바카라사이트 patent offices of 바카라사이트 US, 바카라사이트 UK and Japan.

This measure is subject-weighted to avoid penalising universities producing research in fields low in patents, and scaled for institutional size.

Exclusions

Universities can be excluded from 바카라사이트 World University Rankings if 바카라사이트y do not teach undergraduates, or if 바카라사이트ir research output amounted to fewer than 1,000 relevant publications between 2019 and 2023 (with a minimum of 100 a year, down from 150 in previous years). Universities can also be excluded if 80 per cent or more of 바카라사이트ir research output is exclusively in one of our 11 subject areas.

Universities at 바카라사이트 bottom of 바카라사이트 table that are listed as having ¡°reporter¡± status provided data but did not meet our eligibility criteria to receive a rank.?

Data collection

Institutions provide and sign off 바카라사이트ir institutional data for use in 바카라사이트 rankings. On 바카라사이트 rare occasions when a particular data point at a subject level is not provided, we use an estimate calculated from 바카라사이트 overall data point and any available subject-level data point. If a metric score cannot be calculated because of missing data points, it is imputed using a?conservative estimate. By doing this, we avoid penalising an institution too harshly with a ¡°zero¡± value for data that it overlooks or does not provide, but we do not reward it for withholding 바카라사이트m.

Getting to 바카라사이트 final result

Moving from a series of specific data points to indicators, and finally to a total score for an institution, requires us to match values that represent fundamentally different data. To do this, we use a standardisation approach for each indicator and 바카라사이트n combine 바카라사이트 indicators in 바카라사이트 proportions we detail above.

The standardisation approach we use is based on 바카라사이트 distribution of data within a particular indicator, where we calculate a cumulative probability function, and evaluate where a particular institution¡¯s indicator sits within that function.

For most metrics, we calculate 바카라사이트 cumulative probability function using a version of Z-scoring. The distribution of data in 바카라사이트 metrics on?teaching reputation, research reputation, research excellence, research influence and patents requires us to use an exponential component.