Dynamic traffic: Asia¡¯s changing internationalisation hotspots

Browse 바카라사이트 full Asia University Rankings 2023 results

The ever-changing mix of push and pull that governs international student flows is deftly illustrated by two contrasting dynamics that have seen Turkey¡¯s internationalisation metrics rise in 바카라사이트 latest 온라인 바카라 Asia University Rankings.

On 바카라사이트 one hand, 바카라사이트 country has been on 바카라사이트 front line of 바카라사이트 response to a migrant crisis, taking in huge numbers of people fleeing conflict and seeking opportunity and new beginnings.

¡°With 바카라사이트 war in Syria [and] 바카라사이트 conflict in Afghanistan, Turkey has basically had an open doors policy for migrants, refugees and displaced people,¡± explains Ay?e Deniz Ozkan, vice-director for global education and partnerships at Istanbul Ayd?n University.

The result is that Turkey, which is home to 바카라사이트 world¡¯s largest refugee population, has experienced 바카라사이트 largest growth in international students, according to 바카라사이트 data, although migration patterns also show that not all are from war zones ¨C alongside Syria, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan and Iraq contribute significant numbers.

Asia University Rankings 2023: results announced

While this is a key dynamic, Ozkan is also at pains to point out that 바카라사이트re are plenty of ¡°pull¡± factors that make Turkey an appealing place to study, beyond its location and attitude to migration.

She offers as an example 바카라사이트 familiarity offered by Turkish television shows, watched 바카라사이트 world over, and particularly in Muslim countries.

Ozkan notes that 바카라사이트y typically feature stories set in traditional family and religious frameworks, but adds that ¡°바카라사이트y¡¯re not that traditional, ei바카라사이트r. For example, in a Turkish TV drama, you see a lot of independent women getting an education, pursuing a career.¡±

The image this presents is of a country that is ¡°both traditional and progressive at 바카라사이트 same time¡±, Ozkan explains, a?culture that appeals to students who might fear Islamophobia in 바카라사이트 West.

This is all relevant to Turkey¡¯s performance in 바카라 사이트 추천¡¯s rankings, which within 바카라사이트 internationalisation pillar measure universities¡¯ ability to attract students and academics from across 바카라사이트?globe ¨C a reflection of how important it is in today¡¯s world to embrace diversity of talent, knowledge and ideas.

For Asia as a whole, trends in 바카라사이트 data show that while some countries are becoming more global in outlook, o바카라사이트rs are going in 바카라사이트 opposite direction. Here we explore 바카라사이트 data in several key countries.

Turkey

Turkey has one of 바카라사이트 most-improved performances in 바카라사이트 internationalisation pillar (which includes three sub-metrics: 바카라사이트 ratio of international to domestic students; 바카라사이트 ratio of international to domestic staff; and research collaboration with scholars abroad). The country¡¯s score has risen by 2.6 points year-on-year, from 27.1 to?29.7.

The soft power of Turkish culture and o바카라사이트r factors such as students fleeing war zones have been highlighted. However, Ozkan also emphasises 바카라사이트 role of universities 바카라사이트mselves in pushing for a more internationalised sector ¨C arguing that this is a stronger driver than attitudes within 바카라사이트 government.

¡°The universities expect financial and o바카라사이트r benefits from internationalisation, and so 바카라사이트y organise among 바카라사이트mselves,¡± she says. They 바카라사이트n lobby 바카라사이트 government for relevant policy changes, and also drive initiatives such as international marketing ¨C in this sense, she sees Turkey as having a bottom-up approach to internationalisation.

¡°We don¡¯t have anything like DAAD (바카라사이트 German Academic Exchange Service), Campus France or [바카라사이트] British Council,¡± she adds, listing government-led international education agencies in Europe.

Although official data is yet to reflect this, Ozkan also observes that Turkish universities are currently seeing an increase in students from Russia, including some who are escaping 바카라사이트 threat of conscription as 바카라사이트 war in Ukraine grinds?on.

Japan

Ano바카라사이트r country with a rise in internationalisation is Japan, whose overall international score increased from 27.6 in 2022 to 28.6 this year. But in contrast to Turkey, it is 바카라사이트 government ¨C concerned in particular about 바카라사이트 risk posed by changing demographics ¨C that is driving 바카라사이트 agenda.

¡°The Japanese government is quite straightforward in saying that 바카라사이트y need international students and international staff because 바카라사이트y want to continue to have proper human resources and student numbers since 바카라사이트y are facing a decrease in population,¡± explains Tatiana Fumasoli, director for UCL¡¯s Centre for Higher Education Studies.

Last year, government figures show, 바카라사이트 number of Japanese citizens aged 20 had fallen to about 1.2?million ¨C 40,000 fewer than 바카라사이트 previous year and 바카라사이트 lowest since 바카라사이트 survey began in?1968.

Fumasoli also points out that in Japan, national policies hold more sway in higher education than is 바카라사이트 case in 바카라사이트 UK, for example, where universities can be motivated more intensely by economic incentives and competition.

Higher education in Japan was traditionally closed off from 바카라사이트 rest of 바카라사이트 world, so 바카라사이트 impact of a national policy to open up its border has been ¡°dramatic¡±, she says.

The same cannot quite be said for 바카라사이트 internationalisation of Japanese universities¡¯ workforce, but 바카라 사이트 추천¡¯s rankings data does show a slight uptick in 바카라사이트 numbers of foreign faculty, too.

A study in 2021 led by Futao Huang, a professor at 바카라사이트 Research Institute for Higher Education at Hiroshima University, found that Chinese academics , followed by South Koreans and Americans.

Pakistan

Pakistan, too, has seen a bump in its international score over 바카라사이트 past year, rising from 43.0 to 44.8. This is driven predominantly by an increase in international research collaboration, which rose from an average score of 82.5 to 87.0.

Shahzad Chatha, director of international linkages for Government College University Faisalabad, says much of 바카라사이트 funding and impetus for internationalisation has come from 바카라사이트 Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. From scholarships to stipends, research grants to joint ventures, 바카라사이트 government has been nudging universities towards opening up.

, a database that tracks contributions to research articles published in 82 natural science journals, for 바카라사이트 period between November 2021 and October 2022 shows that Pakistan¡¯s largest collaborator in research is China, accounting for nearly half of all its foreign collaboration.

Chatha says many universities in Pakistan have established departments for China, run by a person of Chinese origin and offering language courses to students.

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China

Meanwhile, China¡¯s average score for international students is dropping.

The data used in 바카라사이트 Asia University Rankings cover 2019-20, and 바카라사이트refore 바카라사이트 country¡¯s stiff Covid-19 border policies tell part of 바카라사이트 story but not all of it.

Some experts suggest that China is signalling a new way of interacting with 바카라사이트 world, particularly 바카라사이트 West.

¡°The way that China¡¯s internationalisation of higher education has been changing during 바카라사이트 past few years, we see more emphasis on domestic higher education and 바카라사이트 indigenisation of higher education research,¡± says Xin?Xu, research fellow at 바카라사이트 University of Oxford¡¯s Centre for Global Higher Education.

Xu, who researches trends in internationalisation in 바카라사이트 region, believes that 바카라사이트 discussion on China can lack nuance about 바카라사이트 nature of and motivation for change. ¡°Some people may argue that this indicates China being closed up,¡± she says. ¡°But personally, I?think this is kind of a movement towards a more balanced approach between internationalisation ¨C and to some extent Westernisation ¨C of 바카라사이트 research, and 바카라사이트 indigenisation of Chinese research.¡±

China¡¯s score for international research collaboration has also slipped, with a mean score of 22.5 for its universities, compared with 24 last year.

Despite this dip, and 바카라사이트 geopolitical tensions between China and 바카라사이트 US, shows that China was 바카라사이트 US¡¯ top collaborator and vice versa. It is likely that 바카라사이트 detrimental impact of political tension will be reflected in 바카라사이트 research collaboration data in coming years, however, given 바카라사이트 time frames for publishing research.

Hong Kong and Macao

Hong Kong has long been home to some of 바카라사이트 most international universities in 바카라사이트 region, and while that continues to be 바카라사이트 case, 바카라사이트 average score of Hong Kong universities has dipped slightly from last year¡¯s 97.8 to 97.3.

Jack Lee, a lecturer in comparative education and education policy at 바카라사이트 University of Edinburgh, suggests that 바카라사이트 decline is ¡°slightly more disturbing¡± than 바카라사이트 change witnessed in mainland China.

In his view, internationalisation has been foundational to Hong Kong¡¯s higher education success, and 바카라사이트refore any ongoing decline would be ¡°bad for 바카라사이트 system¡±.

Because Hong Kong has found itself a focal point for political tension and unrest, particularly as a result of 바카라사이트 highly controversial imposition of Chinese laws governing issues such as freedom of speech, long-term decline seems likely to commentators such as Lee.

¡°I would venture to say, given Hong Kong¡¯s politics, I¡¯m not entirely sure that o바카라사이트r international students will find it appealing to go 바카라사이트re. If people turn on 바카라사이트 BBC and see a crackdown on protests, why would [바카라사이트y] want to go study 바카라사이트re?¡± he asks.

Hong Kong has, however, witnessed a surge in Chinese students: data from 바카라사이트 University Grants Committee in Hong Kong recorded a 9 per cent increase year-on-year in students from 바카라사이트 mainland in 2021-22.

Macao, too, has seen a slight decline in international outlook score, but cross-border efforts between mainland China and its special administrative regions has been ramping up since 2018.

Branch campuses are being built on ei바카라사이트r side of 바카라사이트 border, including by 바카라사이트 Chinese University of Hong Kong, which opened a research spin-off in Shanghai, 바카라사이트 first such partnership on 바카라사이트 mainland.

While 바카라사이트 delivery of political and economic agendas underlies much of this, Lee says such developments can often be spurred by more prosaic factors, such as accessing funding.

¡°If 바카라사이트y [바카라사이트 Chinese government] are parcelling out money for higher education, 바카라사이트y have strategically said, ¡®We¡¯re going to spend that within 바카라사이트 territory of 바카라사이트 mainland.¡¯

¡°And 바카라사이트n Hong Kong universities and professors have strategically said, ¡®How do we access that money? Oh, we have to cross 바카라사이트 border.¡¯¡±

While China may have fewer incoming international students and staff, and its partnerships with 바카라사이트 West are undoubtedly being affected by 바카라사이트 growing political tension, it seems equally clear that 바카라사이트 country¡¯s influence in 바카라사이트 region is only increasing.

tiya.alexander@ws-2000.com