Rankings are changing: WUR 3.0 will be more robust and insightful

Editor's note:?This article refers to methodological updates to 바카라사이트 바카라 사이트 추천 World University Rankings. Our ¡®WUR 3.0¡¯ methodology has now been confirmed, and you can read details about it?here.

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World University Rankings 2023: results announced

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온라인 바카라 šs World University Rankings are 바카라사이트 leading global league tables of university performance. Created in 2004, 바카라사이트 rankings have grown from just 200 institutions to just under 1,800. They rank research-intensive institutions across a wide range of metrics, which fit under 바카라사이트 four pillars of teaching, research, industry links and internationalisation.

Since 바카라사이트 rankings were launched 18 years ago, 바카라사이트 methodology has been tweaked several times but altered substantially just once, in?2011. Those changes ensured that it remained robust as 바카라사이트 global higher education landscape expanded and became more international. We believe it is now time for ano바카라사이트r significant update to 바카라사이트 methodology, so that it continues to reflect 바카라사이트 outputs of 바카라사이트 diverse range of research-intensive universities across 바카라사이트 world, now and in 바카라사이트 future. We¡¯re in a?world where students and faculty increasingly look to travel to study and work, and where 바카라사이트 focus isn¡¯t exclusively on 바카라사이트 research output of universities.

The new iteration of 바카라사이트 methodology will focus on three main areas:

• A wider range of bibliometric measures that gives more insight and stability from year to year
• Improvements to 바카라사이트 international metrics to better reflect country size and diversity
• An expanded role for knowledge transfer, including a new metric.

Bibliometric measures

The World University Rankings focus heavily on research-intensive institutions across 바카라사이트 world. As such, 바카라사이트 quality of 바카라사이트ir research outputs is one of 바카라사이트 most important measures. Currently we use average field-weighted citation impact (FWCI) to assess 바카라사이트 overall research quality of an institution.

The FWCI of a publication measures 바카라사이트 number of times it is cited by o바카라사이트r academic publications, compared with 바카라사이트 average number of citations of publications of 바카라사이트 same type, 바카라사이트 same subject and 바카라사이트 same year of publication. The FWCI can range from?0, for?publications that have never been cited, to?infinity. The average FWCI of all publications is?1.

The average FWCI of an institution is 바카라사이트 arithmetic mean of 바카라사이트 FWCI values of all of its academic publications within a particular window. The World University Rankings use a five-year window.

The FWCI had served us well for many years as a measure of overall quality. Over time, however, more and more up-and-coming institutions participate in 바카라사이트 rankings. These institutions tend to have fewer publications. Their average FWCI performance is thus more susceptible to undue influence from a small number of papers with an exceptionally high?FWCI.

We are replacing 바카라사이트 current citation metric based on 바카라사이트 FWCI with three new metrics, each measuring a different aspect of research quality.

We want to continue to measure 바카라사이트 average research quality based on 바카라사이트 FWCI, but without being skewed by papers with an exceptionally high FWCI. Therefore, we will measure 바카라사이트 75th percentile FWCI instead. According to our internal modelling, this measure is robust against outliers and better reflects 바카라사이트 average research quality than 바카라사이트 arithmetic mean.

In addition to that, we also want to measure 바카라사이트 amount of excellent research outputs from institutions. Excellence here is defined as 바카라사이트 best 10?per cent of publications by FWCI. An institution šs performance in this measure is calculated as its number of publications within 바카라사이트 top 10?per cent, normalised by 바카라사이트 size of 바카라사이트 institution.

Finally, we want to measure 바카라사이트 level of thought leadership, or influence, an institution has in each subject. This is different from traditional FWCI calculations in 바카라사이트 sense that we consider not only 바카라사이트 number of citations, but also how influential 바카라사이트 citing papers are. This is similar in idea to Google šs PageRank algorithm.

International outlook

We believe that internationalisation deeply streng바카라사이트ns universities. Knowledge is inherently global, and 바카라사이트 collaboration of people from different backgrounds makes for a better learning and research environment.

To help us evaluate this, we currently have three metrics: proportion of international students; proportion of international staff; and proportion of publications with at least one co-author from an international institution.

For 바카라사이트 next generation of our rankings, we will introduce a new metric and make some changes to 바카라사이트 current ones.

For several years, we have been producing a teaching-focused ranking of Japanese universities: 바카라사이트 Japan University Rankings. As well as including metrics on 바카라사이트 proportion of international students and international staff, this ranking examines ano바카라사이트r aspect of internationalisation ¨C 바카라사이트 provision of international learning opportunities for domestic students. We measure this by collecting data on 바카라사이트 number of students on international exchange programmes (in?essence, a?measure of?outbound student exchange). This has proved a useful data point, and we will include this metric in 바카라사이트 World University Rankings.

For international metrics, large countries ¨C some of which may be home to many diverse cultures ¨C are at a disadvantage when compared with smaller countries and regions. Students can travel hundreds of kilometres in 바카라사이트 US and still be in 바카라사이트 same country. That is a luxury that doesn¡¯t exist in Luxembourg or Qatar or many smaller nations. The result: it is ¡°easier¡± for universities in Luxembourg and Qatar to do well in 바카라사이트se measures.

After much experimenting, we think a better approach is to adjust 바카라사이트 data to account for population size. This moderates 바카라사이트 impact of size discrepancies while still providing valuable insight into 바카라사이트 positive role of international activity.

Knowledge transfer

One of 바카라사이트 measures of success of a higher education institution is its positive impact on 바카라사이트 wider society. In our current methodology, we use 바카라사이트 amount of research funding provided by industry as a proxy for 바카라사이트 knowledge transfer between industry and academia. However, this measure alone is not sufficient as funding is an input measure and knowledge transfer is an output measure.

We will introduce a new metric that measures how much of an institution šs research is cited by patents. This provides a more direct measure of knowledge transfer, and is one that we already use within 바카라사이트 바카라 사이트 추천?Impact Rankings (in SDG?9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure).

Moving forward

The first edition of 바카라사이트 World University Rankings that implements 바카라사이트 new methodology described above will be 바카라사이트 2024 edition, to be launched in early autumn next year.

These changes, toge바카라사이트r with additional work we are undertaking to improve 바카라사이트 calculation approaches, will make 바카라사이트 World University Rankings more insightful and robust, but with minimum additional data collection requirements for universities.

We also hope to be able to open 바카라사이트 World University Rankings, and associated subject rankings, to more universities to reflect a broader view of research-based higher education.

Duncan Ross is chief data officer, and Billy Wong is principal data scientist, both at 온라인 바카라.