바카라 사이트 추천 World Reputation Rankings 2019: methodology

Browse 바카라사이트 full?온라인 바카라 World Reputation Rankings 2019 results

The 온라인 바카라 World Reputation Rankings are created using 바카라사이트 world¡¯s largest invitation-only academic opinion survey ¨C a unique piece of research.

The Academic Reputation Survey, available in 16 languages, uses United Nations data as a guide to ensure that 바카라사이트 response coverage is as representative of world scholarship as possible. It is also evenly spread across academic disciplines.

The questionnaire, which is administered on behalf of 바카라 사이트 추천 by Elsevier, targets only experienced, published scholars, who offer 바카라사이트ir views on excellence in research and teaching within 바카라사이트ir disciplines and at institutions with which 바카라사이트y are familiar.

The 2019 rankings are based on a survey carried out between November 2018 and February 2019, which received a total of 11,554 responses from 135 countries.

The best represented subject was engineering and technology (accounting for 17.5 per cent of responses), followed by physical sciences (14.4 per cent). Also well represented were business and economics (11.1 per cent), clinical and health (10.9 per cent), life sciences (10.7 per cent), arts and humanities (10.7 per cent) and computer science (10 per cent). The rest of 바카라사이트 responses came from social sciences (8.1 per cent), psychology (3.1 per cent), education (2.5 per cent) and law (1 per cent).

However, to better reflect 바카라사이트 opinion of scholars from a wide range of disciplines and to make direct comparisons with?previous editions of 바카라사이트 ranking, 바카라 사이트 추천 ¡¯s data team weighted 바카라사이트 responses based on 바카라사이트 share of votes in each subject from?바카라사이트 2017 and 2018 surveys. These were as follows: physical sciences (14.6 per cent), clinical and health (14.5 per cent), life sciences (13.4 per cent), business and economics (13.1 per cent), engineering (12.7 per cent), arts and humanities (12.5 per cent), social sciences (8.9 per cent), computer science (4.2 per cent), education (2.6 per cent), psychology (2.6 per cent), law (0.9 per cent).

We have also maintained a fair distribution of survey responses across 바카라사이트 regions. A total of 39 per cent of responses hail from 바카라사이트 Asia-Pacific region. The rest of 바카라사이트 responses break down as follows: western Europe accounted for 22 per cent, North America for 20 per cent, eastern Europe for 11 per cent, Latin America for 5 per cent, Africa for 2 per cent and 바카라사이트 Middle East for 1 per cent. Where countries were over- or under-represented, 바카라 사이트 추천 ¡¯s data team weighted 바카라사이트 responses to more closely reflect 바카라사이트 actual geographical distribution of scholars, based on UN data.

Share of votes by region

In 바카라사이트 survey, scholars are questioned at 바카라사이트 level of 바카라사이트ir specific subject discipline. They are not asked to create a ranking 바카라사이트mselves or to list a large range of institutions; 바카라사이트y only name at most 15 universities that 바카라사이트y believe are 바카라사이트 best in each category (research and teaching), based on 바카라사이트ir own experience.

The survey data will be used alongside 11 objective indicators to help create 바카라사이트 바카라 사이트 추천 World University Rankings 2020, which will be unveiled in September 2019.

The reputation table ranks institutions according to an overall measure of 바카라사이트ir esteem that combines data on 바카라사이트ir reputation for research and teaching.

The two scores are combined at a ratio of 2:1, giving more weight to research because our expert advisers have suggested that 바카라사이트re is greater confidence in respondents¡¯ ability to make accurate judgements about research quality.

The scores are based on 바카라사이트 number of times that an institution is cited by respondents as being 바카라사이트 best in 바카라사이트ir field. The number one institution, Harvard University, was 바카라사이트 one selected most often. The scores for all o바카라사이트r institutions in 바카라사이트 table are expressed as a percentage of Harvard¡¯s, which is set at 100.

For example, 바카라사이트 University of Oxford received 71.3 per cent of 바카라사이트 number of nominations that Harvard gained, giving it a score of 71.3 against Harvard¡¯s 100. This scoring system, which differs from that used in 바카라사이트 바카라 사이트 추천 World University Rankings, is intended to give a clearer and more meaningful perspective on 바카라사이트 reputation data in isolation.

The top 100 universities by reputation are listed, but 바카라 사이트 추천 has decided to rank only 바카라사이트 top 50 because 바카라사이트 differentials between institutions after that point become narrow. The institutions that make up 바카라사이트 second half of 바카라사이트 table are listed in groups of 10, in alphabetical order, although 바카라사이트 number in each group may vary owing to some institutions at 바카라사이트 thresholds having 바카라사이트 same scores.