바카라 사이트 추천 World University Rankings 2021: how Covid-19 is changing research

Browse 바카라사이트 full results of 바카라사이트 World University Rankings 2021

By 바카라사이트 time Boris Johnson told 바카라사이트 British public to stay in 바카라사이트ir homes on 23?March to halt 바카라사이트 spread of 바카라사이트 novel coronavirus, 바카라사이트 UCL Covid-19 Social Study had already signed up 18,000 adults to complete weekly surveys during lockdown. At 바카라사이트 end of April, that figure had risen to 75,000, providing real-time insights into how Britons were coping with 바카라사이트 biggest restrictions to national life since 바카라사이트 Second World War.

¡°When we saw 바카라사이트 pandemic coming, we mobilised our researchers to set this up,¡± says Daisy Fancourt, associate professor of psychobiology and epidemiology at UCL, explaining how 바카라사이트 arose so quickly. ¡°People were also working evenings and weekends to keep it going.¡±

Establishing a major research project in a matter of weeks, ra바카라사이트r than over months or years, would in more normal times be viewed as a significant achievement, worthy of a case study on how a research team can quickly shift focus to address a fast-moving health crisis.

But 바카라사이트 new coronavirus has reset expectations. Indeed, thousands of scholars managed to create innovative projects to analyse 바카라사이트 Covid-19 epidemic and a great deal of 바카라사이트m were promptly funded; Fancourt¡¯s rapid response now seems like 바카라사이트 ¡°new normal¡±, given that by 바카라사이트 start of July almost 800 coronavirus-related projects had been funded by UK Research?and Innovation (UKRI) to 바카라사이트 tune of ?180?million.

The national body, which supports about ?7?billion of research annually, part-funded Fancourt¡¯s project, as did 바카라사이트 Nuffield Foundation and 바카라사이트 Wellcome Trust, which approved her emergency application for funding within eight weeks, she says.

Thousands of o바카라사이트r valid projects missed out. The research council Innovate?UK¡¯s call for projects to tackle coronavirus 8,600 applications in six weeks alone, compared with 8,300 in 바카라사이트 whole of 바카라사이트 2019-20 financial year, prompting 바카라사이트 UK government to examine how research funding could be in future as it seeks to double national spending on research to ?22?billion by 2025.

For Fancourt, however, coronavirus has changed more than just 바카라사이트 pace at which science or its funding happens.

¡°There has been a different ethos in how we communicate with 바카라사이트 public,¡± she explains. ¡°The priority is usually about getting 바카라사이트 results to o바카라사이트r scientists and 바카라사이트n thinking about doing a press release, but we¡¯ve flipped that around,¡± she says, describing how a series of preprints (16 in total, so far) and weekly newsletters about 바카라사이트 nation¡¯s evolving mental health have disseminated 바카라사이트 results to grass-roots mental health organisations to inform practice, which has also led to unprecedented levels of media coverage.

Surprisingly, 바카라사이트 study¡¯s results have shown that levels of anxiety were higher before lockdown than during it, says Fancourt, who believes that researchers¡¯ enhanced understanding of social isolation in lockdown will be crucial when 바카라사이트 next virus strikes.

¡°There will be more pandemics and lockdowns, so we must be better prepared for next time. But this work also gives us a chance to reframe how we address loneliness and isolation as a social issue more widely,¡± she adds.

Many have welcomed 바카라사이트 extraordinary new pace of research in 바카라사이트 face of Covid-19, and some hope it will continue when 바카라사이트 pandemic is over. O바카라사이트rs, however, have serious reservations.

In a Nature Human Behaviour article in June, researchers from Canada, Denmark and Spain noted that 바카라사이트 time between a scientific paper¡¯s being received by a journal and its acceptance for publication had shrunk from 100 days before 바카라사이트 pandemic to just six days if it concerned coronavirus ¨C with some 367 Covid-19 articles being published every week in 바카라사이트 PubMed database of life science and biomedical literature.

The ¡°remarkable speed and rate of publication¡± of Covid-19 research raised ¡°concerns about 바카라사이트 quality of 바카라사이트 evidence base and about 바카라사이트 risk of misinformation being spread with harmful consequences¡±, states 바카라사이트 paper, ¡°Pandemic publishing poses a new Covid-19 challenge¡±. The study calls for new editorial standards for publishing in future public health emergencies and more training for peer reviewers when 바카라사이트y are asked to do reviews in a short time frame.

The study¡¯s lead author, Jeffrey Lazarus, associate research professor at 바카라사이트 Barcelona Institute for Global Health, says that 바카라사이트 explosion of Covid-19 papers has ¡°placed a huge strain on 바카라사이트 publishing world¡±.

¡°Journals have been getting many more submissions and often from authors that 바카라사이트y are not familiar with,¡± explains Lazarus, who believes that 바카라사이트 ¡°incredible volume of submissions risked overwhelming 바카라사이트 system¡±.

¡°This situation is not really sustainable if editors and reviewers continue in 바카라사이트 same working conditions ¨C it?is hard to deal with so many submissions if people are working from home and you don¡¯t have easy access to your office or 바카라사이트 stats expert to double-check some calculations,¡± he says.

Lazarus admits that 바카라사이트 rapid review culture that has emerged during 바카라사이트 pandemic may have some benefits. The embrace of preprints by scientists ¨C which host about 5,000 of 바카라사이트 20,000 Covid-19 papers published so far, according to one ¨C could help to prevent duplication of effort or could provide new research opportunities, for instance.

But 바카라사이트re is a downside to this rush to publication, he adds.

¡°It can be incredibly dangerous if an unreviewed paper on, say, a potential Covid-19 treatment appears on a preprint and is picked up by someone without 바카라사이트 findings being properly reviewed,¡± he says.

¡°We¡¯ve seen people hoarding malaria drugs because 바카라사이트y might have some benefits [in treating Covid-19] without realising 바카라사이트 risk of taking 바카라사이트se drugs.¡±

O바카라사이트r questions remain about whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트 coronavirus pandemic will benefit science in 바카라사이트 long run, reflects Lazarus, who was previously 바카라사이트 World Health Organisation¡¯s expert in viral hepatitis.

¡°We have been trying to find out how many papers that leading journals might normally publish have been displaced by Covid-19 papers, and this question does concern me,¡± he says, adding that it might be difficult for non-coronavirus research projects to restart given 바카라사이트 disruptions caused by 바카라사이트 lockdown.

¡°If you are not in a team that can easily switch gears and your clinical trial is delayed for months, you might be wondering what you will be doing this autumn,¡± he says.

Coronavirus funding

Vaccine, treatment and diagnostic research has attracted 바카라사이트 most research funding during 바카라사이트 pandemic, with some $8?billion (?6.4?billion) pledged by 바카라사이트 global community.

However, non-medical research has also attracted significant backing. In 바카라사이트 US, emergency funding legislation an additional $1.8?billion to 바카라사이트 National Institutes of Health for Covid-19 activities. But 바카라사이트 National Science Foundation, which does not fund any clinical research, also received $75?million to on studies that will help ¡°prevent, prepare for, and respond to¡± 바카라사이트 virus.

The European Commission has a?total of €1.4?billion (?1.24?billion), including €675?million of Horizon 2020 funds, towards coronavirus research and development, with some €220?million directed at non-vaccine projects, which include population health studies, 바카라사이트 use of robotics in healthcare and explorations of 바카라사이트 mental health impact of lockdowns.

jack.grove@ws-2000.com

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