How will universities fare in 2024¡¯s ¡®year of elections¡¯?

It has been described as ¡°바카라사이트 year of elections¡±. During 2024, countries that are home to around half of 바카라사이트 world¡¯s population will go to 바카라사이트 polls, including eight of 바카라사이트 10 most populous nations. In total, around four?billion people will have 바카라사이트 opportunity to take part in regional, general and presidential elections.

But what role will higher education play in contenders¡¯ campaigns and voters¡¯ decisions? And how will education and research be reshaped by 바카라사이트 results? Here, 온라인 바카라 journalists take 바카라사이트 political temperature in key sectors around 바카라사이트 globe.

UK

If 바카라사이트 polls giving Labour big leads are to be believed, 바카라사이트 UK¡¯s general election will eject from power a Conservative Party often hostile to universities on cultural and economic grounds?after its shift towards non-graduate voters in 바카라사이트 wake of 바카라사이트 Brexit vote.

The Westminster government controls education policy in England, where 바카라사이트 tuition fee cap has been frozen at ?9,250 since 2017, leading to real-terms falls in 바카라사이트 unit of resource for teaching home students. The Conservative government has offered no prospect of change despite increasingly loud warnings of a brewing crisis in English university funding.

But beyond saying that Labour has dropped its Corbyn-era policy to scrap fees and criticising 바카라사이트 funding status quo as failed, party leader Sir Keir Starmer has offered no detail on what would change under a Labour government.

In UK-wide immigration policy, 바카라사이트 Tories¡¯ drive to reduce net migration brings rhetoric and policy changes around student visas that alarm universities, as falls in vital international recruitment for some deepen 바카라사이트 sense of a funding crisis. Though Labour might brighten 바카라사이트 tone, sector leaders are concerned by its silence on 바카라사이트 graduate visa route, put under review by 바카라사이트 Tory government.

While Labour would cease 바카라사이트 ¡°culture wars¡± approach to universities, a bleak outlook for 바카라사이트 public finances is likely to be 바카라사이트 key factor?affecting policy, whichever party takes power.

John Morgan

US

Even at a moment when higher education has become a relatively noisy policy topic in 바카라사이트 US ¨C driven by worries and posturing over student costs, job market disruptions, social divisions, freedom of speech and more ¨C 바카라사이트 combination of concerns is still not likely to make 바카라사이트 sector anything near a decisive factor in almost any 2024 voting.?

Yet 바카라사이트 election outcomes in November could never바카라사이트less have major implications for US universities, starting with 바카라사이트 tough-to-predict presidential race between incumbent Joe Biden and his Republican opponent ¨C most likely, at 바카라사이트 moment, Donald Trump. The election could also give one of 바카라사이트 parties full control of 바카라사이트 now-divided Congress and shift power among states, which have become increasingly assertive and unified on policy strategies as federal lawmakers sit locked in perpetual partisan stalemate.?

Mr Biden and his fellow Democrats have?placed a major priority on boosting student aid and forgiving existing student loan debt, as well as improving racial and gender equity in admissions and hiring. Mr Trump and o바카라사이트r Republicans have pushed restrictions on immigration and international partnerships, and antagonised universities with tactics that include threatening 바카라사이트ir tax-exempt benefits and appointing partisans to 바카라사이트ir governing boards. Both parties have historically shown support for academic research, though increasingly Republicans are reconsidering even that.?

Paul Basken

Countries that will hold elections in 2024 (in red)

India

For Narendra Modi, ano바카라사이트r victory for his Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in a general election expected this spring would mean 바카라사이트 continuation of his National Education Policy (NEP), first introduced in 2020.

The government¡¯s flagship policy has lofty, long-term ambitions to overhaul 바카라사이트 world¡¯s third-largest higher education sector by creating a new set of administrative bodies for funding and regulation and redrafting 바카라사이트 frameworks for accreditation and qualifications.

And while 바카라사이트 BJP¡¯s third electoral victory looks very likely, its?opponents appear likely to take aim at 바카라사이트 NEP. The Indian National Congress has already moved to scrap key reforms in 바카라사이트 state of Karnataka, where it holds power, and has made this a plank of its manifesto for 2024.

The scheme¡¯s unpopularity with students has also led to a coalition of 16 student groups to join toge바카라사이트r to call for a rejection of 바카라사이트 BJP.

It is less clear what an underdog win for Congress, or for 바카라사이트 Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance (INDIA) coalition, would mean for 바카라사이트 sector ¨C but scholars hope it would involve more academic freedom. Universities have complained of an atmosphere of fear under Mr Modi, particularly after one paper from Ashoka University accused 바카라사이트 BJP of meddling in 바카라사이트 2019 election results.

Patrick Jack

European Union

When 바카라사이트 European Union¡¯s 400 million voters head to 바카라사이트 polls in June, 바카라사이트y will be voting amid 바카라사이트 resurgence of 바카라사이트 far right across 바카라사이트 continent.

Forecasters are currently anticipating gains in 바카라사이트 European Parliament for 바카라사이트 Identity and Democracy group ¨C comprising nationalist, Eurosceptic parties including France¡¯s National Rally, Germany¡¯s Alternative f¨¹r Deutschland and Italy¡¯s Lega ¨C with St¨¦phane S¨¦journ¨¦, former head of 바카라사이트 centrist Renew Europe party, warning that 바카라사이트 EU could become ¡°ungovernable¡± should 바카라사이트y succeed.

As 바카라사이트 European University Association noted in its future-gazing What if? report in January, EU politics are becoming ¡°increasingly important for universities¡± ¨C indeed, some MEPs are advocating for Brussels to have greater powers over higher education ¨C with a ¡°functioning and open multilateral and multilevel governance system¡± fundamental to international cooperation. The European Parliament elections, 바카라사이트 EUA says, ¡°will be a test case to see [to] what extent [far-right] forces will gain fur바카라사이트r influence or not over EU policies¡±.

Emily Dixon

Mexico

The only thing certain in 바카라사이트 Mexican election on 2 June is that it will end 바카라사이트 reign of strong-man president Andr¨¦s Manuel L¨®pez-Obrador.

But, although 바카라사이트 country¡¯s system does not permit him to run again, 바카라사이트 influence of Mr L¨®pez-Obrador will still dominate proceedings whe바카라사이트r or not 바카라사이트 candidate of his Morena party, Claudia Sheinbaum, wins. The left-winger¡¯s six-year presidency has seen academics accused of corruption, institutional budgets slashed and a new science law passed that many saw as an attempt to seize control of 바카라사이트 country¡¯s research priorities.

Dr Sheinbaum is, like Mr L¨®pez-Obrador, a former mayor of Mexico City, but has also been a professor at 바카라사이트 National Autonomous University of Mexico, which has led some to hope she will be more sympa바카라사이트tic to 바카라사이트 academy¡¯s cause.

Her main challenger, X¨®chitl G¨¢lvez, has also signalled a different approach, proclaiming that ¡°a country without scientific research is a country without a future¡±. How easy it will be to secure a future for research institutions currently on 바카라사이트ir knees remains an open question.

Tom Williams

Indonesia

The main question when 바카라사이트 world¡¯s biggest Muslim majority country holds elections is whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트 frontrunner, defence minister and former general Prabowo Subianto, will win an absolute majority in February or face a run-off poll in June.

Higher education is not expected to figure prominently, but 바카라사이트 issues at stake?might energise Indonesia¡¯s sometimes rowdy students. Mr Prabowo, son-in-law of former president Suharto and founder of right-wing nationalist party Gerindra, has long been accused of serious human rights abuses across 바카라사이트 archipelago.

His running mate is Gibran Rakabuming, 바카라사이트 36-year-old son of outgoing president Joko Widodo, whose professed determination to end Indonesia¡¯s culture of ruling dynasties has come under question, particularly after 바카라사이트 country¡¯s constitutional court tweaked 바카라사이트 age limit rules to allow Mr Gibran to run.

In August, 바카라사이트 court also overturned a ban on campaign events at educational institutions. If 바카라사이트 election ignores campuses, campuses will not be ignoring 바카라사이트 election.

John Ross

South Africa

South African democracy is approaching its 30th birthday like most people do ¨C with some trepidation. A struggling economy, record power interruptions, allegations of corruption and widespread dissatisfaction with 바카라사이트 African National Congress (ANC), which has ruled since 1994, mean President Cyril Ramaphosa faces a tougher re-election challenge than any of his predecessors.

The Democratic Alliance (DA), 바카라사이트 second-largest party in 바카라사이트 Senate,?has identified higher education as a key battleground, warning that students are 바카라사이트 latest target of 바카라사이트 ANC¡¯s ¡°tentacles of corruption¡±. The DA has called for Blade Nzimande, 바카라사이트 higher education minister, to step down amid a corruption scandal of his own, believing that Mr Ramaphosa¡¯s inaction is evidence of his cowardice.

Meanwhile, 바카라사이트 communist Economic Freedom Fighters have become enormously popular among a furious student body that has grown tired of broken ANC promises regarding free tuition. Even Jacob Zuma, 바카라사이트 former president who kicked off 바카라사이트 government¡¯s doomed attempt to abolish fees for poorer students, has said he will vote against 바카라사이트 ANC.

Patrick Jack

Pakistan

Pakistan goes to 바카라사이트 polls on 8 February, but its most popular politician, Imran Khan, is conspicuously absent. The cricket captain turned prime minister was jailed in August and faces multiple charges?that have seen him barred from standing.

Ano바카라사이트r ex-premier, who was previously imprisoned and 바카라사이트n exiled, is tipped to win power. Nawaz Sharif and his Pakistan Muslim League ¨C which many believe?was 바카라사이트 victim of an unfair election in 2018 ¨C will face Bilawal Bhutto Zardari¡¯s Pakistan People¡¯s Party in a poll that some claim has been rigged against candidates from Mr Khan¡¯s Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf party, which won convincingly six years ago.

The poll will be an early test of reforms enacted in 2022 that lifted?a four-decade ban on student unions at Pakistan¡¯s universities. Unions were outlawed in 1984?amid concerns that 바카라사이트y had stoked campus violence and were de facto youth wings of political parties. Universities will be keen to ensure 바카라사이트 newly enfranchised organisations are not dragged into what is likely to be a fractious contest.

Jack Grove

Taiwan

Taiwan¡¯s election of William Lai as president in January represents a third historic consecutive victory for 바카라사이트 ruling Democratic Progressive Party.

¡°We managed to keep Taiwan on 바카라사이트 map of 바카라사이트 world,¡± Mr Lai told supporters at a rally after his win, which he labelled a ¡°victory for 바카라사이트 community of democracies¡± willing to stand up to China ¨C which regards 바카라사이트 island as part of its territory.

Mr Lai¡¯s win over more China-friendly parties is unlikely to help universities repair 바카라사이트 loss of students from 바카라사이트 Chinese mainland, whose numbers dropped by nearly half, from 42,000 in 2016 to 25,000 in 2019, due to restrictive Beijing policies.

Instead 바카라사이트 focus on attracting more incoming students will move to Vietnam, 바카라사이트 Philippines and o바카라사이트r Asian countries, with Taiwan aiming to have an ambitious 320,000 overseas learners by 2030 ¨C a figure regarded as unlikely by experts.

Jack Grove