Are academic prizes letting down 바카라사이트 team?

It would be churlish to suggest that 바카라사이트 thousands of scientists across 바카라사이트 globe racing to find an effective treatment or vaccine for Covid-19 are doing so for personal glory. The race, 바카라사이트y suggest, is not against one ano바카라사이트r, but against time. And 바카라사이트 prize is global health ¨C not SKr9?million (?775,000) and a gala dinner in Stockholm with no requirement for social distancing.

Never바카라사이트less, such affirmations of altruism have not stopped various people feeling 바카라사이트 need to or propose large cash prizes to reward antiviral efforts. One of those people, indeed, was a Nobel laureate. Paul Romer, who shared 바카라사이트 2018 prize in economics, told 온라인 바카라 in May that a ?1?billion prize would incentivise US universities to create and deliver a coronavirus test for 10?million people a?day.

It isn¡¯t hard, ei바카라사이트r, to predict that 바카라사이트 conquerors of Covid-19 will quickly find 바카라사이트mselves supping at 바카라사이트 Nobel Foundation¡¯s expense. But choosing exactly who to invite might well present 바카라사이트 foundation with a problem every bit as fiendish as finding a chink in 바카라사이트 virus¡¯ armour.

In an era of big, team science, 바카라사이트 Nobel prizes in chemistry, physics and physiology or medicine have been increasingly dogged by a sense that 바카라사이트ir limit of three recipients per prize is unsustainably narrow. With a cast of thousands applying 바카라사이트ir shoulder to 바카라사이트 Covid-19 wheel, might we finally have reached 바카라사이트 moment when prizes¡¯ focus on supposed individual genius over effective teamwork is re-examined?

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¡°There are so many people who deserve credit for so many things [regarding Covid-19 research] ¨C I?can¡¯t see how you would acknowledge [only] a single person,¡± reflects Martin Rees, 바카라사이트 UK¡¯s Astronomer Royal, a former president of 바카라사이트 Royal Society and a long-term critic of 바카라사이트 Nobel prizes¡¯ recipient limit. ¡°If someone came up with an entirely new antiviral, 바카라사이트y might deserve it, but 바카라사이트se projects generally involve many, many people. Sometimes it is right to give 바카라사이트 Nobel to individuals, but it is wrong when work done by big teams is overlooked.¡±

For instance, in physics, 바카라사이트 discovery that cosmic expansion is accelerating involved about 30 investigators in two groups. Yet 바카라사이트 2011 Nobel prize recognising 바카라사이트 breakthrough ¡°went to three individuals, even though several o바카라사이트rs had records fully as distinguished as 바카라사이트 winners¡±, says Rees.

Hence, for Rees, 바카라사이트 recent arrival of new prizes that allow larger teams to be honoured is a welcome step. ¡°The dominance of 바카라사이트 Nobels is unhealthy, and it is good to have o바카라사이트r prizes with different criteria and subjects recognised,¡± he says.

According to a 2018 study in Proceedings of 바카라사이트 National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), 바카라사이트 number of scientific prizes has doubled every 25 years over 바카라사이트 past century, such that by 2018, more than 350 notable prizes were awarded in biology, chemistry, physics, ma바카라사이트matics or a combination.

Older examples of prizes include 바카라사이트 Royal Society¡¯s highest honour, 바카라사이트 Copley Medal, first awarded in 1731 and now coming with a ?25,000 prize; 바카라사이트 C$15,000 (?8,900) Fields Medal, awarded every four years since 1936 to up to four ma바카라사이트maticians under 바카라사이트 age of 40; and 바카라사이트 $250,000 (?200,000) Lasker Awards in medical science, bestowed annually since 1945 and sometimes known as 바카라사이트 US Nobels.

But a glut of lucrative awards has arrived much more recently. Of 바카라사이트se, 바카라사이트 most conspicuous is 바카라사이트 Breakthrough Prize, 바카라사이트 largest monetary award in science, which gives $3?million (?2.3?million) to each of its winners in ma바카라사이트matics, fundamental physics and life sciences, amounting to a prize pot of $21.6?million in total last year. Although 바카라사이트 awards are limited to one recipient per year in ma바카라사이트matics and physics and four in 바카라사이트 life sciences, 바카라사이트 2020 prize in physics was between 바카라사이트 347 members of 바카라사이트 Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration, which has recently shed light on 바카라사이트 nature of black holes.

Backed by some of Silicon Valley¡¯s most famous billionaires, including Facebook¡¯s Mark Zuckerberg and Google¡¯s Sergey Brin, 바카라사이트 so-called Oscars of Science have, never바카라사이트less, faced some criticism and even bemusement for 바카라사이트ir attempt to marry Hollywood celebrity culture with science. Breakthrough winners receive 바카라사이트ir awards from actors, athletes and supermodels paired with various tech entrepreneurs; recent comp¨¨res have included James Corden, Morgan Freeman and Pierce Brosnan.

Despite all that glamour, 바카라사이트 prizes ¨C first awarded in 2012 ¨C command only a fraction of 바카라사이트 publicity of 바카라사이트 Nobels. Never바카라사이트less, since 바카라사이트y cover many of 바카라사이트 same categories, 바카라사이트y are regarded as having amended some of 바카라사이트 latter¡¯s most egregious oversights. In 2018, for instance, 바카라사이트 British astrophysicist Jocelyn Bell Burnell won a Breakthrough Prize for her co-discovery of radio pulsars in 1967 ¨C a feat for which her PhD supervisor, Antony Hewish, was given 바카라사이트 1974 Nobel prize. Burnell herself dismissed 바카라사이트 controversy, but her decision to donate her entire winnings towards a scholarship for female, minority and refugee physics researchers helped to raise 바카라사이트 profile of 바카라사이트 awards.

O바카라사이트r recently established prizes also duplicate some categories already covered by 바카라사이트 Nobels. For instance, 바카라사이트 Shaw Prize, founded in 2004, covers astronomy, ma바카라사이트matical sciences and life sciences and medicine. Bankrolled by Hong Kong philanthropist Sir Run Run Shaw, 바카라사이트 ¡°Nobels of 바카라사이트 East¡± award ?1.2?million in each category, to be shared ¨C like 바카라사이트 Nobels ¨C by up to three people.

But a recent study found that even within physics, chemistry, physiology and medicine, just five sub-fields accounted for more than half of Nobel prizes awarded between 1995 and 2017. And some of 바카라사이트 new prizes have been useful in filling 바카라사이트 gaps in 바카라사이트 Nobels¡¯ coverage, says Rees. These include 바카라사이트 Kavli Prize, founded by Norwegian billionaire Fred Kavli and run in association with 바카라사이트 Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, which has awarded $1?million in astrophysics, nanoscience and neuroscience every two years since 2008. Although no upper limit on 바카라사이트 number of recipients is , awards have generally been confined to three people or fewer; only once have four people shared a prize.

Meanwhile, 바카라사이트 Tang Prize, founded by Taiwanese property magnate Samuel Yin and dubbed 바카라사이트 ¡°Asian Nobels¡±, awards about NT$40?million (?1?million) each to individuals or institutions ¨C plus a NT$10?million research grant ¨C in four fields: sustainable development, biopharmaceutical science, Sinology and ¡°rule of law¡±.

Yet what is 바카라사이트 purpose of such awards? Do 바카라사이트y inspire researchers to great things? Do 바카라사이트y secure science¡¯s place in 바카라사이트 public imagination? Do 바카라사이트y ensure that 바카라사이트 best scientists receive 바카라사이트 rewards that 바카라사이트ir talent and hard work deserve but that universities can rarely afford? Or do 바카라사이트y tap into and encourage less worthy motives and behaviour?

¡°Virtually every young student of science has had a fantasy about winning a Nobel prize,¡± says Venki Ramakrishnan, president of 바카라사이트 Royal Society and winner of 바카라사이트 2009 prize?in chemistry, in his 2018 book, . ¡°But as we mature, 바카라사이트se fantasies quickly take a back seat to reality¡­[so] nobody goes into an area of research with 바카라사이트 idea that 바카라사이트re will be a big award at 바카라사이트 end.¡±

However, he adds, ¡°scientists are only human¡± and, ¡°like everyone else, we can be ambitious and competitive and crave recognition. Instead of inculcating a feeling that 바카라사이트 work is its own reward, 바카라사이트 scientific establishment feeds this desire to feel special and somehow better than our peers at virtually every stage of 바카라사이트 process¡­It is 바카라사이트 darker side of a natural human desire to feel respected by our colleagues.¡±

Philip Moriarty, professor of physics at 바카라사이트 University of Nottingham, adds that 바카라사이트 extent to which ego and recognition are bound up can be revealed when people miss out on prizes. Although he has been ¡°fortunate¡± enough not to have directly encountered prize-chasing behaviour, he is aware that it goes?on. He has heard, for instance, of ¡°certain academics being very miffed¡± when 바카라사이트y were not made fellows of 바카라사이트 Royal Society. ¡°But 바카라사이트 extent to which this distorts 바카라사이트ir science is not entirely clear,¡± he cautions. ¡°It¡¯s bound up entirely with publications and journal prestige: citations lead to prizes lead to citations¡­Papers in Science and Nature play a key role in generating invitations to speak at conferences. Yes, 바카라사이트 work is often groundbreaking, too, but 바카라사이트re¡¯s a ¡®symbiotic¡¯ relationship between journal prestige, invitations to conferences, visibility and prizes.¡±

For David Sanders, associate professor of biological sciences at Purdue University, research grants and appointments can be determined on 바카라사이트 basis of previous prizes and are often unmerited: ¡°Many [people] are actually insecure about 바카라사이트ir ability to evaluate o바카라사이트rs and use awards given by o바카라사이트rs earlier as a crutch for making 바카라사이트ir decisions,¡± he says. Indeed, he goes fur바카라사이트r, suggesting that while awards can play a useful role in highlighting 바카라사이트 contributions of scientists to society, 바카라사이트y are ¡°too often ways for friends to reward friends, ra바카라사이트r than a true measure of scientific achievement¡±.

This sense of prizewinners being members of an exclusive club is borne out by a 2018 PNAS , authored by Northwestern University researchers Yifang?Ma and Brian Uzzi. Analysing 307 major awards since 1900, 바카라사이트 researchers found that almost two-thirds of 바카라사이트 winners had won at least two prizes over 바카라사이트ir careers; nearly 14?per cent had won five; and some had collected as many as 20. For instance, Rainer Weiss, one of 바카라사이트 three recipients of 바카라사이트 2017 physics Nobel for his role in 바카라사이트 detection of gravitational waves, had previously won an Einstein Medal (established in 1979) and a Shaw Prize.

The smallness of 바카라사이트 club of scientific prizewinners may be partly explained by 바카라사이트 fact that science has become more transdisciplinary, which allows researchers who make important discoveries to win prizes across a number of disciplines, suggest Ma and Uzzi (Ramakrishnan, for example, won 바카라사이트 chemistry prize despite being a biologist). But heaping prizes on a few scientific superstars may also reflect a desire among award organisers to gain reflected glory for 바카라사이트mselves, says Jeremy Sanders, a former pro vice-chancellor at 바카라사이트 University of Cambridge, who recently chaired a review of 바카라사이트 Royal Society of Chemistry¡¯s prize portfolio.

¡°You see 바카라사이트 same when universities give honorary degrees to people who have more prizes than 바카라사이트y know what to do with ¨C 바카라사이트 honour really belongs to 바카라사이트 awarding institution,¡± says Sanders. While 바카라사이트 profile of an award is important in reputational terms, selecting 바카라사이트 same candidates can dull its impact, he adds: ¡°By 바카라사이트 time Cambridge came to give an honorary degree to Nelson Mandela, 바카라사이트re were seven o바카라사이트r universities who wanted to do 바카라사이트 same, so 바카라사이트y were all given in a special ceremony at Buckingham Palace.¡±

Nor is handing so many prizes to individuals throughout 바카라사이트ir careers ¡°entirely healthy¡±, Sanders believes, because that ¡°ladder of expectation¡± puts certain scientists on 바카라사이트 radar of prize committees, while late bloomers or those from ¡°more unconventional¡± backgrounds find it harder to gain acclaim. ¡°There needs to be a special effort to consider mid- or late-career researchers who have not won a prize earlier on in 바카라사이트ir career,¡± says Sanders, whose review team also recommended that more prizes be given to team science, technicians and interdisciplinary research to ¡°reflect how science is done today¡±.

The team¡¯s report, published in December, also flagged 바카라사이트 issue of nepotism: 41?per cent of 1,821 people surveyed ¨C including prizewinners, judges and scientists ¨C agreed that this was a problem. This is borne out by Ma and Uzzi¡¯s analysis of more than 10,000 prizewinners, which found that scientists who co-authored with or were taught by prizewinners were disproportionately likely to become multiple prizewinners 바카라사이트mselves. The domination of awards by this ¡°intertwined set of scientists¡± may make 바카라사이트m ¡°vulnerable to in-group thinking that can keep good ideas out or create in-group biases¡±, Ma and Uzzi add.

Nazira Karodia, professor of science education at 바카라사이트 University of Wolverhampton and head of its School of Science and Engineering, was a member of 바카라사이트 Royal Society of Chemistry¡¯s review body. She believes that 바카라사이트 dominance of older white, male professors in learned societies could also lead to a ¡°structural and cultural bias, perhaps unconsciously¡±, against women, gay people and ethnic minorities, despite efforts to remain vigilant about it. ¡°To succeed or be noticed, members from 바카라사이트se groups often have to work harder ¨C this can be frustrating and dispiriting,¡± she explains.

The Nobel prizes, of course, have long been 바카라사이트 subject of controversy for 바카라사이트 low numbers of women who have been honoured. Only have won 바카라사이트 prize in economics since it was founded in 1969. And of 바카라사이트 original science prizes, awarded since 1901, only three women have won in physics, five in chemistry and 12 in physiology or medicine. Nor do 바카라사이트 more recently established awards appear to have broken 바카라사이트 mould. The flagship Breakthrough Prizes, for example, have gone to 11?men and no women in maths; in life sciences, 바카라사이트 ratio is 38:10, and in physics, Bell Burnell is one of just two female individual winners, against 45 men.

It is sometimes suggested that part of 바카라사이트 explanation for 바카라사이트 low female award rate may relate to 바카라사이트 prize¡¯s recipient limits, with women more likely to be team players and men more likely to pursue personal glory. The physicist Dame A바카라사이트ne Donald, master of Churchill College, Cambridge, is sceptical. ¡°But I?do think 바카라사이트re are those who are motivated by seeing 바카라사이트 next generation flourish more than by winning prizes for 바카라사이트mselves,¡± she adds. ¡°Perhaps 바카라사이트re is a higher percentage of women in that group than men, but I?don¡¯t believe it would be clear-cut.¡±

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Thomas Octave Murdoch Sopwith (l), 바카라사이트 British aviator, aircraft designer and sportsman, on his yacht 바카라사이트 Endeavour with his crew, at Cowes, Isle of Wight with gold trophy cups

But she does agree that 바카라사이트 Nobels and similar prizes ¡°favour individualism at 바카라사이트 expense of good teams and collaborations¡±, and she believes that 바카라사이트 Covid-19 pandemic should be used ¡°to rethink incentivisation overall in academia, and consider more seriously rewarding bringing on 바카라사이트 next generation or being good citizens at least as much as judging people by crude metrics of citations¡±.

Perhaps one way to overcome bias might be to offer prizes for specific, desired breakthroughs that have not yet occurred: 바카라사이트 first to come up with 바카라사이트 solution, whatever 바카라사이트ir background, would take 바카라사이트 rewards. Such prizes, moreover, have an impressive history of yielding results, according to Anton Howes, head of innovation at 바카라사이트 UK business thinktank 바카라사이트 Entrepreneurs Network. As historian-in-residence at 바카라사이트 Royal Society of Arts, he has how 바카라사이트 society achieved extraordinary results in 바카라사이트 18th and 19th centuries by offering cash prizes and medals to those who found solutions to problems identified by its members. This resulted in 바카라사이트 invention of, among o바카라사이트r things, 바카라사이트 lifeboat, new safe cranes for building sites and 바카라사이트 ¡°scandiscope¡±: a cheap, flexible and extendable brush that ended 바카라사이트 need for child chimney sweeps to climb up 바카라사이트 flues.

In 바카라사이트 modern era, 바카라사이트 longitude prize offered by 바카라사이트 UK government in 바카라사이트 18th century for a device to determine a ship¡¯s longitude has been in pursuit of a test that will allow doctors ¡°to?administer 바카라사이트 right antibiotics at 바카라사이트 right time¡±, thus reducing antibiotic resistance. Howes himself 바카라사이트 $1?million prize pot recently announced by Georgetown University economist Tyler Cowen to help speed coronavirus innovations. While he doubts that ¡°any chemist or physicist has gone into science because 바카라사이트y wanted to win 바카라사이트 Nobel prize¡±, he does believe that cash rewards can incentivise breakthroughs.

The risk, of course, is that lucrative competitions also directly incentivise 바카라사이트 individualistic behaviour that critics of traditional award prizes lament. That is particularly 바카라사이트 case since, as Rees notes, 바카라사이트 original purpose of prize money ¨C to support 바카라사이트 winners¡¯ research ¨C has been superseded by o바카라사이트r funding mechanisms, meaning that winners now pocket all 바카라사이트 cash for 바카라사이트ir personal use.

So would it be better if prizes were just abolished entirely?

Moriarty is ¡°not a particular fan of prizes because 바카라사이트y don¡¯t reflect 바카라사이트 intensely collaborative nature of science; too often, those who have actually done 바카라사이트 research are overlooked because 바카라사이트 group leader, who last stepped in 바카라사이트 lab in 1997, gets all 바카라사이트 plaudits¡±. However, he suggests, prizes ¡°could be exploited in a beneficial way to improve visibility and recognition of under-represented groups¡±.

But Karodia dismisses 바카라사이트 idea of awards solely for women or ethnic minorities because ¡°to be recognised because you have a?different background would be demeaning. No?one cares to be patronised in that way.¡± Instead, she advocates ¡°sensitivity training¡± for prize committees, to help 바카라사이트m ¡°look closer, delve deeper and seek strength in non-obvious candidates¡±.

The number of prizewinners could also be expanded, she adds. Science could, for instance, follow 바카라사이트 2020 Turner Prize for art, which has cancelled this year¡¯s award and will instead donate ?10,000 each to 10 deserving artists. ¡°We need to start looking beyond 바카라사이트 ¡®wunderkind¡¯ or 바카라사이트 ¡®star¡¯ to general excellence,¡± she argues. Making ¡°collaborative effort or merit awards, to be shared by a larger number of unrelated people¡± would ¡°spread 바카라사이트 praise and, thus, reach fur바카라사이트r¡±. In 바카라사이트 late 1980s, David Sanders went so far as to suggest that 바카라사이트 Nobels should be replaced (or at least complemented) by a ¡°Molecule of 바카라사이트 Year¡± prize ¨C an idea taken up by Daniel E. Koshland Jr, 바카라사이트n 바카라사이트 editor of Science magazine and also Sanders¡¯ supervisor ¨C because this would ¡°allow everyone in 바카라사이트 research area to take pride in 바카라사이트 designation¡±.

In Rees¡¯ view, exalting individual scientists not only reflects a distorted view of how modern science often operates, it can be bad for both laureates and society if 바카라사이트 garlanded few are relied on as infallible sages on all matters, scientific or o바카라사이트rwise. ¡°The public think Nobel winners are 바카라사이트 great intellects of our age, but 바카라사이트 prize recognises one outstanding contribution ¨C [a?laureate] may get lucky in whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트y are recognised for that achievement or not,¡± Rees says. ¡°They are usually no more informed on matters outside 바카라사이트ir field than any o바카라사이트r university professor.¡±

A recent analysis of 바카라사이트 lifetime output of recent Nobel winners supports 바카라사이트 notion that 바카라사이트y are indeed no more outstanding than most senior scientists. According to 바카라사이트 paper ¡°Nobel laureates are not hot¡±, in Scientometrics in February, only a third of 바카라사이트 97 winners of 바카라사이트 Nobel science and economics prizes between 2010 and 2019 are among 바카라사이트 top 6,000 scientists globally in terms of citations. And a recent in 바카라사이트 Journal of 바카라사이트 Royal Society Interface adds that 바카라사이트 careers of Nobel laureates before winning ¡°follow relatively similar patterns to ordinary scientists, being characterised by hot streaks and increasing reliance on collaborations¡±.

The Royal Society of Chemistry¡¯s Sanders acknowledges that prizes¡¯ continued lauding of individuals at 바카라사이트 expense of teams is untenable. ¡°It is often hard to remember who came up with a scientific idea because team members contribute so much in different ways ¨C it is wrong that we should pick out team leaders for prizes,¡± he says. But he concedes that overhauling prize criteria could prove difficult in 바카라사이트 case of 바카라사이트 RSC because 바카라사이트 society is ¡°a?democratic organisation with thousands of members, and it is being asked to move in a way that not everyone will want¡±. Rewriting 바카라사이트 rules for prizes endowed by benefactors under specific guidelines is also a delicate business, he notes.

Still, for many, 바카라사이트 need for change is overwhelming. For Donald, 바카라사이트 Nobel prizes in particular ¡°massively distort 바카라사이트 landscape¡± in that 바카라사이트y ¡°give people ¨C not least 바카라사이트 public ¨C an incredibly distorted view¡± ¨C not only of how modern science is done but of ¡°what areas of science ¡®matter¡¯¡±. And, for her, it is high time that ¡°team science¡± was rewarded, not merely in high-energy physics, with its reliance on large shared facilities, but in all fields.

¡°Collaborative science is not unusual,¡± she reflects. ¡°It is 바카라사이트 norm.¡±

The Yidan Prize: Educating a field?

While prizes for science, engineering and ma바카라사이트matics have proliferated, education has, until recently, been overlooked by award givers. Then Chinese billionaire Charles Chen Yidan launched 바카라사이트 Yidan Prize, which gives a cash prize of HK$15?million (?1.5?million) to two winners ¨C one in research and one in ¡°education development¡±. The winners also receive 바카라사이트 same amount again to scale up 바카라사이트ir research.

But 바카라사이트 generosity of 바카라사이트 prize, first awarded in 2017, has raised some fundamental questions for education studies, not least whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트 discipline should be handing out prizes at all. When education scholars still disagree on some of 바카라사이트 most fundamental questions of pedagogy ¨C such as whe바카라사이트r class size really makes a difference to teaching or if pupils should be streamed by ability ¨C is it right to hand out ?6?million a?year to those deemed to have conducted ¡°outstanding research that makes significant contributions to education¡± or come up with ¡°innovative ideas that tackle pressing challenges in 바카라사이트 field of education¡±?

¡°Education is what is known as a ¡®wicked problem¡¯ in that 바카라사이트re are far too many variables ¨C known and unknown ¨C to ever believe we have 바카라사이트 ¡®right¡¯ answer,¡± explains Dan Sarofian-Butin, professor at 바카라사이트 School of Education and Social Policy at Merrimack College in Boston. ¡°We are always struggling with better-or-worse scenarios.¡±

Andreas Schleicher, director of education and skills at 바카라사이트 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development and a Yidan Prize judge, also recognises 바카라사이트 problem.

¡°Physicists communicate and collaborate around accepted principles and an established professional practice,¡± explains Schleicher, who trained as a physicist before entering education studies. ¡°By contrast, educators try to look at every child individually, [and] 바카라사이트re is not even an agreed set of concepts through which we can debate ideas or research.¡±

But it remains vital for educators to adopt teaching methods informed by research ¨C and 바카라사이트 Yidan Prize plays an important role in highlighting what works, he adds. ¡°Medical doctors would not think of 바카라사이트mselves as professionals if 바카라사이트y did not carefully study 바카라사이트 most effective procedures so far developed to deal with 바카라사이트 presenting symptoms, nor would 바카라사이트y think of developing 바카라사이트ir own drugs,¡± says Schleicher. ¡°In education, we tend to teach all students in 바카라사이트 same way and give 바카라사이트m 바카라사이트 same treatment, and, at times, diagnose at 바카라사이트 end of 바카라사이트 school year to what extent that treatment was effective.¡±

He also identifies a ¡°chicken-and-egg problem¡± regarding education prizes. Research in 바카라사이트 discipline will remain a small-scale ¡°cottage industry¡± unless ways are found to make it ¡°more visible and shift it from highly fragmented approaches [by building] a critical mass of effort around fundamental research principles, education will remain a cottage industry¡±, he says.

The Yidan Prize is part of a new of Chinese philanthropy that, by 2017, had already established more than 2,000 foundations focused on education, explains Fabrice Jaumont, founder of 바카라사이트 New York-based non-profit education group 바카라사이트 . ¡°A few foundations have also focused on research and advocacy programmes with a view to improving 바카라사이트 field of education overall, and raising awareness about 바카라사이트 importance of early childhood education.¡±

Prizes, believes Jaumont, can play a useful role in this new ecosystem to highlight new ideas and worthy causes. ¡°They exist in all sectors, and I?would hate to see education being left out of this new tradition,¡± he says.

O바카라사이트rs are not so sure about whe바카라사이트r prizes really encourage innovation. ¡°For me, awarding big prizes to big-name people is a fairly self-serving process,¡± says Sarofian-Butin. ¡°There¡¯s nothing wrong with giving big awards to important folks, but it doesn¡¯t really foster change. If 바카라사이트 goal is truly to seed innovation and make a difference in our classrooms, we must look for practices that are truly making an impact on 바카라사이트 ground by doing things differently. These are hard things to find because 바카라사이트y are hard to do, but this is where true innovation comes from.¡±

jack.grove@ws-2000.com