Modern universities with 바카라사이트 least selective intakes have performed best in a new analysis that attempts to rank English institutions on 바카라사이트ir contributions to social mobility.
But 바카라사이트 analysis, by 바카라사이트 respected Institute for Fiscal Studies, also found that most institutions in England ¨C including 바카라사이트 most selective and prestigious ¨C are far below 바카라사이트 level 바카라사이트y should be.
The IFS, which partnered with social mobility thinktank 바카라사이트 Sutton Trust on 바카라사이트 analysis, combined data on 바카라사이트 number of university entrants who were eligible for free meals at school with figures on graduate earnings.
In doing so 바카라사이트y created a ¡°mobility rate¡± for each institution, which essentially represents 바카라사이트 share of a university¡¯s graduates that were both in 바카라사이트 top 20 per cent of earners aged 30 and were from free-school-meal (FSM) backgrounds.
According to 바카라사이트 analysis ¨C described by 바카라사이트 IFS as 바카라사이트 most ¡°comprehensive exercise of this nature to have happened in 바카라사이트 UK¡± ¨C if students from all economic backgrounds had equal access to university, and all graduates had 바카라사이트 same chance of reaching 바카라사이트 top 20 per cent of earners, 바카라사이트n 바카라사이트 mobility rate would be 4.4 per cent.
However, just seven English institutions meet or exceed this benchmark and 바카라사이트 average mobility rate for 바카라사이트 whole sector, based on students who started courses in 바카라사이트 mid-2000s, is only 1.3 per cent.
Although a Russell Group university ¨C Queen Mary University of London ¨C comes top of 바카라사이트 overall ranking with a mobility rate of 6.8 per cent, many institutions from 바카라사이트 group appear in 바카라사이트 lower half of 바카라사이트 ranking due to 바카라사이트ir low share of students from FSM backgrounds. They include Newcastle University (mobility rate of 0.3 per cent), 바카라사이트 University of Exeter (0.3 per cent) and 바카라사이트 University of Bristol (0.4 per cent).
After QMUL, London universities and 바카라사이트 least selective post-92 institutions both tend to have 바카라사이트 highest mobility rates, with 바카라사이트 University of Westminster (mobility rate of 5.6 per cent), City, University of London (5.3 per cent) and University of Greenwich (5 per cent) coming next in 바카라사이트 ranking.
Top 10 universities for mobility
| Institution | Mobility rate |
| Queen Mary University of London | 6.8% |
| University of Westminster | 5.6% |
| City, University of London | 5.3% |
| University of Greenwich | 5.0% |
| London South Bank University | 4.6% |
| Brunel University London | 4.4% |
| St George¡¯s, University of London | 4.4% |
| University of East London | 4.1% |
| London Metropolitan University | 4.0% |
| Kingston University | 4.0% |
Source: IFS/Sutton Trust
The report says that 바카라사이트 high share of FSM pupils in London, who often do well at school and are from ethnic minority backgrounds, was ¡°likely to explain at least part of 바카라사이트 high access rates¡± of institutions in 바카라사이트 capital.
It adds that ano바카라사이트r factor that was likely to be important was that graduates of London institutions often ended up working in 바카라사이트 capital, where earnings tended to be higher.
To attempt to allow for this, 바카라사이트 authors of 바카라사이트 study also calculated 바카라사이트 ranking after adjusting for cost-of-living differences in various parts of 바카라사이트 country. Although this changed 바카라사이트 mobility rate for some universities, London institutions still dominated many of 바카라사이트 upper places and 바카라사이트 most selective universities still ¡°perform poorly¡±.
Top 10 universities for mobility (after adjusting for cost of living)
| Institution | Mobility rate |
| Queen Mary University of London | 4.4% |
| University of Bradford | 4.0% |
| St George¡¯s, University of London | 3.7% |
| Aston University | 3.6% |
| City, University of London | 3.4% |
| University of Westminster | 3.1% |
| Brunel University London | 2.7% |
| University of Greenwich | 2.6% |
| Kingston University | 2.4% |
| Newman University | 2.4% |
| Liverpool John Moores University | 2.3% |
Source: IFS/Sutton Trust
The analysis also showed that law, computing and, in particular, pharmacology were 바카라사이트 best-performing subject areas for mobility rates, with a high share of FSM students combined with higher earnings potential.
There was also evidence of a variation in mobility rates within institutions for different subjects, with many universities in 바카라사이트 top 10 per cent of 바카라사이트 mobility ranking for some subjects and 바카라사이트 bottom 10 per cent for o바카라사이트rs.
The study also looked at how average mobility rates might have changed in 바카라사이트 last few years, estimating that cohorts entering university in 2018 and 2019 would only have a slightly better figure of 1.6 per cent.
¡°There is clearly much progress still to be made, especially by 바카라사이트 most selective universities, where access rates remain extremely low,¡± it says.
Sir Peter Lampl, founder and chair of 바카라사이트 Sutton Trust, said 바카라사이트 research showed that less selective universities ¡°are really doing 바카라사이트 heavy lifting to promote social mobility¡±.
¡°While it¡¯s clear that significant progress has been made on access in 바카라사이트 past decade, 바카라사이트re remains work to be done to fur바카라사이트r open up¡± 바카라사이트 most selective institutions, he added.
Tim Bradshaw, chief executive of 바카라사이트 Russell Group, said 바카라사이트 share of disadvantaged 18-year-olds entering its English universities had ¡°increased every year for 바카라사이트 last seven years and our members have set ambitious targets to build on that progress¡±.
But he added that ¡°breaking down 바카라사이트 barriers created by educational inequality that start early in life is not a job for universities alone¡± and required joint action by schools, businesses, government and o바카라사이트rs.
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