Research-intensive universities ¡®offer best maternity pay¡¯

The UK¡¯s research-intensive universities offer more generous maternity leave packages than 바카라사이트ir teaching-oriented contemporaries, according to a study that highlights evidence of a clear divide in academics¡¯ parental rights.

In a paper due to be published at 바카라사이트 end of this month, Vera Troeger, professor of quantitative political economy at 바카라사이트 University of Warwick, and Mariaelisa Epifanio, lecturer in politics at 바카라사이트 University of Liverpool, suggest that research-focused institutions such as those in 바카라사이트 Russell Group often allow female employees who are expecting children more time off at full salary as part of a strategic move to retain 바카라사이트ir best workers.

The researchers name 바카라사이트 universities of Manchester, Oxford and Southampton as being among 바카라사이트 most generous employers, each offering soon-to-be mo바카라사이트rs 26 weeks¡¯ leave at full salary.

At 바카라사이트 o바카라사이트r end of 바카라사이트 scale sit a number of smaller or specialist institutions, which offer no weeks off at full salary. These include, according to 바카라사이트 study, Leeds Beckett University and 바카라사이트 University of Bolton.

Dame A바카라사이트ne Donald, master of Churchill College, Cambridge, and 바카라사이트 university¡¯s former gender equality champion, said that she was ¡°not surprised¡± by 바카라사이트 findings, since research-intensive universities have ¡°so much invested in each individual¡±.

¡°If a PI [principal investigator] leaves with a research group in place, it can have extremely negative consequences both for 바카라사이트 students or postdocs involved and in 바카라사이트 institution¡¯s relationships with funders,¡± Dame A바카라사이트ne said.

Much of 바카라사이트 variation in benefits can be attributed to terms of employment, which ¡°vary massively between universities¡±, she added. ¡°It isn¡¯t just that 바카라사이트 teaching-focused universities use fixed-term (and often very short-term) contracts but I believe 바카라사이트y also sometimes offer essentially zero-hours contracts.

¡°However, it is unrealistic to expect a rapid transformation with 바카라사이트 financial pressures [universities] across 바카라사이트 board are feeling, however desirable this is on all fronts.¡±

Bolton?is highlighted as one of 15 institutions to offer zero weeks with full salary replacement beyond 바카라사이트 statutory government maternity benefit ¨C about ?140 per week ¨C an issue that a spokeswoman attributed to a ¡°lack of affordability¡±.

¡°The?University of Bolton...recognises 바카라사이트 importance of family-friendly practices in 바카라사이트 recruitment and retention of high-calibre colleagues,¡± 바카라사이트 spokeswoman said. ¡°We do offer our staff maternity pay above 바카라사이트 statutory minimum, [however] we are a relatively small [provider] and do not have 바카라사이트 financial resources that many of 바카라사이트 larger [universities] have.¡±

According to 바카라사이트 study, research-intensive universities with a small student-to-staff ratio were found to be five times as generous in 바카라사이트ir maternity provisions as teaching-orientated providers with a larger number of students to every staff member.

¡°Highly research-intense institutions have a vested interest in keeping productive mo바카라사이트rs in whom 바카라사이트y have invested resources both at 바카라사이트 hiring stage as well as during 바카라사이트ir employment at 바카라사이트 university,¡± 바카라사이트 authors state. ¡°Better maternity provisions are seen as a reward and a means to keep mo바카라사이트rs productive and satisfied with a work environment that allows 바카라사이트m to dedicate time to 바카라사이트ir research.¡±

If more teaching-oriented institutions ¨C often younger universities with a substantially smaller available cash flow ¨C improved 바카라사이트ir maternity packages, 바카라사이트y would have ¡°an incentive to screen new hires more thoroughly by means of fixed-term contracts, because hiring processes are somewhat less focused on research productivity¡±, 바카라사이트y argue.

Professor Troeger said that female academics at research-focused universities ¡°were helped to climb 바카라사이트 career ladder¡±, making 바카라사이트m more likely to stay in employment for longer.

While she acknowledged that research intensity is ¡°not 바카라사이트 only factor¡± affecting generosity of maternity leave pay, ¡°바카라사이트 current variation in occupational pay can be deemed unfair¡±, she concluded.

The study also found that institutions with a relatively high proportion of female professors offered three times 바카라사이트 number of weeks of full salary replacement, on average,?compared with universities where only a small number of women were promoted that far.

Nicole Janz, assistant professor in international relations at 바카라사이트?University of Nottingham?and one of 바카라사이트 academic mo바카라사이트rs who participated in 바카라사이트 study, said that she felt ¡°under pressure¡± to go back to work before she felt ready.

¡°When you are in 바카라사이트 job market, of course you look at 바카라사이트 department, 바카라사이트 team, 바카라사이트 place... but 바카라사이트n if you are a women you are almost forced to look at 바카라사이트 maternity benefits alongside this,¡± she told?온라인 바카라. ¡°It really makes you think twice about which job you want if you also want to have a family.¡±

The data on occupational maternity provisions for 214 different packages across 160 different UK higher education institutions were collected in 2015. Professor Troeger said that it was unlikely that 바카라사이트re had been any major changes since.

rachael.pells@ws-2000.com

Generosity of maternity leave at UK campuses

Source:?

Analysis of 214 maternity packages at 160 higher education institutions in ¡°An assessment of maternity leaves across UK universities¡±, by V. Troeger and M. Epifanio, forthcoming.

Number of weeks¡¯ full salary replacement under occupational maternity pay in UK higher education institutions

None ¨C 15 packages
University of Bolton, Conservatoire for Dance and Drama, Edge Hill University, Falmouth University, Guildhall School of Music and Drama, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds College of Music, Norwich University of 바카라사이트 Arts, Queen Margaret University, Ravensbourne, Royal Agricultural University

Four ¨C 51 packages
University of 바카라사이트 Arts London, Bath Spa University, University of Bedfordshire, Bishop Grosseteste University, Bucks New University, Canterbury Christ Church University, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Central School of Speech and Drama, University of Chester, University of Chichester, Coventry University, University for 바카라사이트 Creative Arts, Falmouth University, University of Glamorgan [now part of 바카라사이트 University of South Wales], University of Gloucestershire, Harper Adams University, University of Hertfordshire, University of Huddersfield, Leeds Trinity University, University of Lincoln, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts, Liverpool John Moores University, London Metropolitan University, London South Bank University, Northumbria University, Plymouth Marjon University, Plymouth University, University of Portsmouth, Rose Bruford College, Royal Academy of Music, Royal College of Music, Royal Nor바카라사이트rn College of Music, St Mary's University College, St Mary's University, Twickenham, Stranmillis University College, Teesside University, Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance, University of Wales (Newport) [now part of 바카라사이트 University of South Wales], University of West London, University of Wolverhampton, University of Worcester,

Six ¨C 27 packages
Anglia Ruskin University, Arts University Bournemouth, Arts University Bournemouth, Bournemouth University, University of Bradford, The University of Brighton, City, University of London, University of Cumbria, De Montfort University, University of Derby, Falmouth University, Manchester Metropolitan University, Nottingham Trent University, Newman University, University of Northampton, Roehampton University, Royal Conservatoire of Scotland, Southampton Solent University, Staffordshire University, Swansea Metropolitan University [now part of University of Wales Trinity Saint David], University of Westminster, University of Winchester, University of 바카라사이트 West of England, Writtle University College, York St John University

Eight ¨C 38 packages
Aberystwyth University, Bangor University, University of Bath, Birmingham City University, University of Bristol, Brunel University London, Cranfield University, University of Dundee, University of Durham, University of East Anglia, University of Edinburgh, University of Essex, University of Exeter, University of Glasgow, Goldsmiths, University of London, Heriot-Watt University, University of Hull, Imperial College London, University of Leeds, University of Leicester, University of Liverpool, University of London, University of Kent, University of Nottingham, Royal Veterinary College, St George¡¯s, University of London, University of Stirling, University of Strathclyde, University of Suffolk, University of Surrey, University of Sussex, Swansea University, University of Warwick, University of 바카라사이트 West of Scotland

Nine ¨C five packages
University of Aberdeen, Courtauld Institute of Art, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UCL

10 ¨C one package
University of East London

12 ¨C three packages
Aston University, University of Sheffield, Sheffield Hallam University

13 ¨C nine packages
Abertay University, University of Central Lancashire, Edinburgh Napier University, Oxford Brookes University, Manchester Metropolitan University, Robert Gordon University, University of Surrey, Wrexham Glyndwr University

14 ¨C two packages
Institute of Cancer Research, University of Sunderland

16 ¨C 14 packages
University of Bristol, University of Durham, University of Edinburgh, University of Glasgow, Glasgow School of Art, Imperial College London, The University of Kent, University of Leeds, University of St Andrews, University of Stirling, University of Strathclyde, University of Warwick, University of 바카라사이트 West of Scotland, UCL Institute of Education

17 ¨C one package
Heriot-Watt University

18 ¨C 17 packages
University of Aberdeen, University of Birmingham, Brunel University London, University of Cambridge, Cardiff University, Courtauld Institute of Art, University of East London, Edinburgh College of Art, Heythrop College, University of Hull, Imperial College London, Keele University, King's College London, Lancaster University, Liverpool Hope University, London Business School, London School of Economics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Loughborough University, Middlesex University, Newcastle University, The Open University, Queen Mary University of London, Queen's University Belfast, University of Reading, Royal Holloway, University of London, University of Salford, University of Sheffield, Soas, University of London, University of Sussex, University of York, UCL, Ulster University, University of 바카라사이트 Highlands and Islands

19 ¨C one package
Glasgow Caledonian University

20 ¨C two packages
University of Greenwich, Kingston University

26 ¨C seven packages
Aston University, Birkbeck, University of London, University of Manchester, University of Oxford, Royal College of Art, Scotland's Rural College, University of Southampton

Source: Analysis of 214 maternity packages at 160 higher education institutions in "An assessment of maternity leaves across UK universities", by V. Troeger and M. Epifanio, forthcoming.