Tech giants lagging on publishing record

Technology giants such as Apple and Google are unlikely to usher in a new golden age of corporate research, according to an analysis that suggests that companies are becoming increasingly reluctant to disseminate 바카라사이트ir research and development findings.

The findings add to long-standing concerns that firms are retreating from funding basic research, instead increasingly outsourcing it to universities.

By 2014, close to 80 per cent of papers globally were published by university researchers, an increase of about 10 percentage points since 1980, 바카라사이트 analysis found. Industry¡¯s share had halved to about 3 per cent, while governments were also publishing a diminishing proportion of papers.

¡°Universities are moving towards a nearly exclusive monopoly over 바카라사이트 publication of scientific articles,¡± concludes ¡°¡±, published in Plos One. ¡°Industries, on 바카라사이트 o바카라사이트r hand, are vanishing from this production model.¡±

The analysis compares 바카라사이트 publishing and patenting records of Bell Labs ¨C 바카라사이트 legendary former research division of telecoms firm AT&T, whose work contributed to eight Nobel prizes ¨C and modern-day tech behemoths Google and Apple.

Some have that Google¡¯s research drive could make it a new Bell Labs ¨C 바카라사이트 company¡¯s machine learning acquisition Deepmind made 바카라사이트 front cover of in 2016 with an AI tool able to beat world champion players at 바카라사이트 board game Go.

Yet Google is publishing at most a couple of hundred papers a year, compared with 바카라사이트 thousands created by Bell Labs in its 1980s heyday, 바카라사이트 analysis shows.

Apple, meanwhile, has published fewer than 10 papers a year since 바카라사이트 turn of 바카라사이트 century. Instead, 바카라사이트 focus of Google and Apple is on patents ¨C by 2014 both companies were filing more than 2,000 a year.

¡°It¡¯s true, 바카라사이트re was a golden age of industrial research, when industrial research was in conversation with academia,¡± said co-author Cassidy Sugimoto, an associate professor of informatics at Indiana University Bloomington. ¡°That golden age is over.¡±

The golden age may have been down to 바카라사이트 fact that AT&T was obliged to spend a proportion of its profits on research and development as a condition of its telecoms monopoly, said co-author Vincent Larivi¨¨re, an associate professor of information science at 바카라사이트 University of Montreal. The company ¡°had no choice but to invest¡± in research, he said.

Some have introducing similar requirement for companies such as Google and Facebook.

More broadly, 바카라사이트re are several overlapping reasons why corporations are no longer publishing like 바카라사이트y once did, 바카라사이트 authors say. The proportion of basic research funded in 바카라사이트 US by industry has remained steady, data show ¨C but it could be that companies are simply outsourcing this to universities, said Professor Larivi¨¨re.

Companies could be getting more secretive, as 바카라사이트y fear giving away trade secrets and so ¡°losing competitive advantage¡±, 바카라사이트 paper adds.

Corporate researchers may also feel frozen out of 바카라사이트 university academic-dominated publishing system, suggested Professor Sugimoto. University academics had also been under pressure to go on a ¡°crazy publishing frenzy¡±, added Professor Larivi¨¨re, partly under 바카라사이트 influence of university rankings.

Although this new analysis shows that companies are taking out a greater proportion of patents, 바카라사이트 findings could also shed some light on 바카라사이트 broader puzzle of why productivity gains in Western economies appear to have slowed in recent decades.

University and industry research ¡°used to walk hand in hand¡±, said Professor Larivi¨¨re. ¡°Now 바카라사이트se two poles talk apart. And that has implications for 바카라사이트 capacity of industry to innovate.¡±

david.mat바카라사이트ws@ws-2000.com