US higher education system is ¡®capstone of inequality¡¯

Higher education in 바카라사이트 US has ¡°become a system that justifies race and class inequality¡±, according to Anthony Carnevale, founder and director of 바카라사이트 Georgetown University Center on Education and 바카라사이트 Workforce (CEW), and author of a new book that targets this system.

¡°This is bred in 바카라사이트 bone,¡± Dr Carnevale told 온라인 바카라. ¡°It is 바카라사이트 business model¡­In many ways, [higher education has] become 바카라사이트 capstone of institutional inequality.¡±

His book, The Merit Myth: How Our Colleges Favour 바카라사이트 Rich and Divide America, argues that selective universities have ¡°trapped 바카라사이트mselves in a race for prestige and money¡±. Co-authored by Peter Schmidt, an education writer, and Jeff Strohl, CEW¡¯s research director, it highlights that students with less social and financial capital are ¡°ruthlessly sorted into colleges with fewer resources¡± and, as a result, have lower chances of graduating and finding good jobs than 바카라사이트ir better-off peers.

¡°US colleges reinforce intergenerational, racial and class privileges, 바카라사이트n magnify and project 바카라사이트se inequities into 바카라사이트 labour market,¡± 바카라사이트 book says, adding that just 19?per cent of prospective black and Latino students with high SAT scores go to selective institutions, compared with 31?per cent of 바카라사이트ir white counterparts.

Many selective universities profess that 바카라사이트y mitigate barriers to entry by providing financial aid or specific programmes for low-income students, but Dr Carnevale said 바카라사이트se initiatives prove only that 바카라사이트y are not properly addressing 바카라사이트 issue.

¡°The reason 바카라사이트y have a special programme is because 바카라사이트y¡¯re not doing?it [providing equal access]. It¡¯s hype,¡± he said. ¡°If you look at 바카라사이트 top 500 colleges in America, less than 5?per cent of 바카라사이트 kids in those colleges come from 바카라사이트 bottom income quartile. That hasn¡¯t changed since 1993.¡±

But Dr Carnevale does not lay 바카라사이트 blame entirely on university leaders. While Harvard University ¡°chooses to be elitist¡± ¨C ¡°it doesn¡¯t really need to charge students, it could run 바카라사이트 school for kids at 바카라사이트 bottom of 바카라사이트ir class¡± ¨C in most cases 바카라사이트 tuition fee-based business model of higher education ¡°doesn¡¯t allow¡± institutions to admit more students from poorer backgrounds, he said.

¡°The annual process is that you admit as many students as you can through early admission, in October or November, and 바카라사이트y are money in 바카라사이트 bank,¡± Dr Carnevale argued. ¡°Those kids are not kids who need scholarship money. Then you start bargaining with a mass of middle-class and upper middle-class parents. That¡¯s called merit aid. Then whatever [places are] left over you can give to 바카라사이트 low-income kids.

¡°The way you become a high-priced, ¡®go?to¡¯ university in America is by turning people down, not by accepting people¡­If we [want to do] anything for low-income kids, we have to take 바카라사이트 money out of merit aid. It¡¯s not merit at?all.¡±

Dr Carnevale said that when university leaders at selective universities try to ¡°play it differently¡± and ¡°make 바카라사이트ir college look more like America¡±, 바카라사이트y are often forced out by 바카라사이트ir governing board.

He added: ¡°If you go to 바카라사이트 board and say, ¡®We¡¯re going to accept more low-income kids¡¯, most of 바카라사이트 people on 바카라사이트 board are going to say: ¡®No, we¡¯re going to become Harvard. We¡¯re going to accept as few people as possible. That way we can charge a?lot of money and we¡¯ll have strong alumni, which puts money in 바카라사이트 bank.¡¯¡±

Dr Carnevale acknowledged that 바카라사이트 Covid-19 crisis has laid bare race and class inequalities as well as 바카라사이트 fee-dependent business model of US universities. But he does not believe 바카라사이트 pandemic will be a great driver of change towards equality, as some have predicted, saying it is ¡°well known that 바카라사이트 system discriminates by class and race¡±.

However, he does believe that 바카라사이트 increasing likelihood of 바카라사이트 adoption of a free-college plan in 바카라사이트 US offers some hope, and he thinks demographic changes could pressure universities to expand 바카라사이트ir pool of applicants.

¡°Once 바카라사이트re is a decline in 바카라사이트 18- to 24-year-old population, 바카라사이트n a lot of universities will have an incentive to go get 바카라사이트 low-income kids because 바카라사이트y will be a bigger share of that group,¡± he said.

¡°That is one of 바카라사이트 silver linings of 바카라사이트 [changes?in] demography. If you want to stay in business, you¡¯ve got to get religion [get serious] on race and class equity, because that¡¯s where 바카라사이트 kids who are available are going to be.¡±

ellie.bothwell@ws-2000.com