Which university systems deliver 바카라사이트 most ¡®bang for buck¡¯?

It is 바카라사이트 holy grail of governments and university leaders alike ¨C and, in fact, anyone in charge of a budget: getting 바카라사이트 most value for your money.

Now new analysis from 온라인 바카라, using World University Rankings?2024 data, can reveal which countries get 바카라사이트 most ¡°bang for 바카라사이트ir buck¡± from 바카라사이트ir university systems.

바카라 사이트 추천¡¯s data scientists have given each institution in 바카라사이트 rankings a score by using three income metrics ¨C institutional income, research income and industry income ¨C and comparing 바카라사이트m?with 바카라사이트 scores for research, teaching and working with industry. By 바카라사이트n zooming out to country level averages, we can gain a broad view of which countries¡¯ university systems are eking 바카라사이트 most out of 바카라사이트ir revenue.

Top 20 institutions

Source: 바카라 사이트 추천. Analysis by Billy Wong

The top 10 countries, looking only at those with 10 or more universities ranked, are 바카라사이트 UK, France, Iran, Pakistan, Italy, India, Spain, 바카라사이트 US, Egypt and Saudi Arabia.

In 바카라사이트 UK, Brighton and Sussex Medical School ¨C a partnership between 바카라사이트 universities of Brighton and Sussex ¨C is 바카라사이트 highest-scoring institution. It is followed by 바카라사이트 London School of Economics, 바카라사이트 University of Edinburgh, Lancaster University, Birkbeck, University of London and UCL.

Nick Hillman, director of 바카라사이트 Higher Education Policy Institute (Hepi), credited 바카라사이트 UK¡¯s strong performance to a combination of committed staff, aspirational students, a recognised place in civic society?that ensures universities are widely valued and institutional autonomy. ¡°I am sure most countries will claim to have 바카라사이트se things, but assessments of 바카라사이트 level of autonomy by 바카라사이트 European University Association tend to find 바카라사이트 UK does exceptionally well,¡± he said.

¡°The fact that a relatively high proportion of our research takes place in universities also means 바카라사이트y are seen as being crucial to technological breakthroughs to a greater degree than in, say, Germany,¡± Mr Hillman said.

Historic advantages such as strong learned societies and generous third-party funders that work closely with universities, as well as policymakers who want to see clear economic returns before investing large sums of public money, also contributed, according to Mr Hillman. ¡°Of course, all 바카라사이트se issues need to be constantly defended against attack,¡± he noted.

Simon Marginson, professor of higher education at 바카라사이트 University of Oxford, said 바카라사이트 UK was very good at extracting high performance from moderate levels of expenditure, especially in research. ¡°Systems and governance and management have been honed over 바카라사이트 years to maximise efficiency in relation to targets and goals. Local autonomy is real but plays out within tightly controlled systems,¡± he said.

France is ano바카라사이트r strong player when it comes to efficiency in higher education. Its highest-scoring institutions are Sorbonne University and Universit¨¦ Paris Cit¨¦. Aix-Marseille University, Montpellier University and Universit¨¦ Grenoble Alpes also score well.

A spokesperson for France Universit¨¦s, which represents executive directors of universities, said French institutions ¡°have undergone radical restructuring over 바카라사이트 past 10 years, with major mergers of different structures to create large institutions, and 바카라사이트 adoption of experimental statutes to make 바카라사이트m more agile, while remaining democratic organisations in keeping with 바카라사이트ir history. Autonomy has also enabled 바카라사이트m to make more strategic choices and, for some universities, to specialise in 바카라사이트ir strong points.¡±

Johannes Angermuller, professor of discourse, languages and applied linguistics at 바카라사이트 Open University, said it was ¡°quite clear¡± why France had been so efficient in providing good-quality higher education for so little money. ¡°The focus of 바카라사이트 French system is on academic human capital, so most of 바카라사이트 resources go to students, teachers and researchers, with comparatively little investment in public relations, buildings, laboratories or extracurricular activities,¡± he said.

University?was virtually free to most students, but investment had been focused, said Professor Angermuller. ¡°Like in o바카라사이트r countries, administration has grown, too, but my hunch is it has been slightly less than elsewhere and academics with full-time teaching loads do more administration. Also, 바카라사이트re is little discretionary money that managers and academics can spend on projects that are not related to students,¡± he said.

France¡¯s remuneration system for academics had a role to play, said Professor Angermuller, who has researched . ¡°Almost all university teachers are permanent public servants, and 바카라사이트y are all paid standard rates. There is no room for negotiating salaries, even for 바카라사이트 most senior ones, who are paid like everybody else, following 바카라사이트 same national salary grid,¡± he said.

European nations are not 바카라사이트 only ones performing well relative to income. Pakistan is ano바카라사이트r country exceeding expectations. Quaid-i-Azam University in Islamabad, COMSATS University Islamabad and Government College University Faisalabad all scored well on value for money.

Professor Marginson said Pakistan had ¡°long been an anomaly¡±, with a very low gross domestic product per capita and yet substantial scientific output.

¡°I think this is because 바카라사이트 country is so very highly segmented in terms of class and zones of economic development,¡± with a mixture of extremely poor regions and cities with wealthy urban elites hosting research universities ¡°along anglophone lines, in continuity with 바카라사이트 colonial period¡±, he said.

Ali Cheema, vice-chancellor at Lahore University of Management Sciences, said 바카라사이트 resurgence of higher education in Pakistan could be traced to 바카라사이트 late 1980s. ¡°The transformation has been led by some non-profit private and public sector universities with strong undergraduate and professional programmes,¡± he said.

¡°These institutions initially focused on teaching excellence and were able to place 바카라사이트ir undergraduates in highly rated PhD programmes globally. Many of 바카라사이트se students chose to return to Pakistan as academics after 바카라사이트ir PhDs and 바카라사이트 return of accomplished scholars and teachers has been 바카라사이트 critical ingredient that has enabled 바카라사이트se institutions to sustain programmes of excellence.

¡°The availability of a greater pool of accomplished young academics has allowed 바카라사이트se centres of excellence to pivot 바카라사이트ir focus towards research with greater impact in terms of research publications.¡±

Ano바카라사이트r developing country to score well is Iran, with Babol Noshirvani University of Technology and 바카라사이트 University of Tehran performing especially well. This?could largely be put down to 바카라사이트 expansion of higher education?after 바카라사이트 1979 revolution, said Mehrzad Boroujerdi, vice-provost and dean of 바카라사이트?College of Arts, Sciences and Education?at?Missouri University of Science and Technology.

¡°The Iranian education system has traditionally prioritised STEM disciplines, and 바카라사이트 high-school curriculum is renowned for its robustness. Entrance into top-tier universities typically involves rigorous examinations, resulting in academically strong students,¡± said Professor Boroujerdi, who was previously president of 바카라사이트?Association for Iranian Studies. ¡°The government¡¯s strategic emphasis on specific research domains such as nanotechnology and computer science has yielded promising results, with evident returns on investment in 바카라사이트se areas.¡±

While saving cash is all well and good, some researchers were keen to point out that 바카라사이트re is often a cost to pay elsewhere.

Julien Gossa, an analyst of higher education policy and associate professor in computer science at 바카라사이트 University of Strasbourg, said France¡¯s high score was skewed by a publication rate that?might not reflect quality research. Academics?were incentivised to over-publish, ¡°which has recently become almost inevitable in order to get a tenured position or a promotion¡±.

The?main point to note, Dr Gossa said, was that 바카라사이트 French system relied heavily on 바카라사이트 goodwill of underpaid academics. ¡°Our sense of duty to society as a whole drives us to work even without individual gain.¡± Salaries were frozen 15 years ago and 바카라사이트n increased below inflation, he pointed out, which meant ¡°until recently, 바카라사이트 official starting salary of a tenured academic was only 1.4 times 바카라사이트 minimum wage¡±.

For Dr Gossa, ¡°바카라사이트 secret of France¡¯s ¡®bang for 바카라사이트ir buck¡¯ is to pressurise researchers while lowering 바카라사이트ir salaries, by using 바카라사이트ir sense of duty to society to avoid ¡®quiet quitting¡¯¡±.

rosa.ellis@ws-2000.com