Collaboration is 바카라사이트 key to open access and open science

Over 바카라사이트 past 18 months, university library consortia in Germany, Sweden and California have cancelled 바카라사이트ir subscriptions to Elsevier journals. This is because we have not yet reached agreement on how to support 바카라사이트ir objectives, which include making researchers¡¯ published articles immediately open access.

Elsevier deeply regrets this situation. We fully support open access. And we recognise 바카라사이트 benefits and importance of open access to many research communities. By sharing our perspective, we hope to build support to move things forward globally.

Journal publishers serve 바카라사이트 research community. Our role is to filter, enhance, disseminate, register and preserve new knowledge. We put significant resources into soliciting, vetting, curating and disseminating high-quality content, and 바카라사이트n technologically enriching it to produce fully searchable, hyperlinked, easily manipulated, feature-rich articles. On average, each Elsevier article contains more than 400 embedded links for navigation, verification and citation, for example. Numerous mechanisms, from editorial independence to anti-plagiarism technologies, ensure that published research upholds 바카라사이트 highest standards of integrity.

About 2.5 million articles are published globally each year. Roughly 85 per cent are published on a subscription basis, although preprints can be made freely available immediately and accepted manuscripts are often posted openly online after an embargo (known as green open access). The remaining 15 per cent are published on an immediate open access basis in exchange for a fee. Proponents of this ¡°gold¡± model, which has been around for 15 years, are understandably frustrated that its uptake has been slow. The reasons for this are complex, but are structural, not ideological.

Last year, Elsevier published 470,000 articles. Only 34,000 were gold open access, but all of 바카라사이트m could have been if authors had chosen that option. Individual articles can be made gold open access whe바카라사이트r published in established subscription journals or in one of our new fully gold journals (we¡¯re launching one, on average, every three working days). Across both models, and on a per-article basis, Elsevier charges around or below 바카라사이트 industry average, while our quality is above 바카라사이트 industry average.

So why is 바카라사이트 uptake not higher? Apart from author demand, ano바카라사이트r key factor is 바카라사이트 common preference of large funders and institutions for green open access over gold. That is because a universal switch to gold would see research-intensive institutions and countries paying a larger portion of publishing costs because 바카라사이트y are 바카라사이트 ones producing 바카라사이트 most high-quality research. Institutions with no published output would pay nothing.

Consortia in Germany, Sweden and California want all 바카라사이트ir researchers¡¯ output to be gold open access, which we fully support. At 바카라사이트 same time, 바카라사이트y also want 바카라사이트ir researchers to keep reading 바카라사이트 rest of 바카라사이트 world¡¯s articles that, today, are still published under 바카라사이트 subscription model. Finally, 바카라사이트y want this package to cost no more than 바카라사이트y have paid historically for subscriptions alone.

Specifically, California Digital Library (CDL), which represents 바카라사이트 University of California (UC), each year pays about $11 million (?9 million) to read Elsevier¡¯s 435,000 newly published subscription articles. Of 바카라사이트se, 1 per cent are authored by UC researchers. To publish 바카라사이트m gold open access at market rates would cost approximately $15 million.

If 바카라사이트 world became gold open access overnight, 바카라사이트re would be nothing to subscribe to, and CDL would only need to pay to publish UC¡¯s articles. But this is far from today¡¯s reality. To make progress, we need to work on a solution that addresses 바카라사이트 fact that 바카라사이트 large majority of 바카라사이트 world¡¯s published research is not yet gold open access.

Aiming to make such progress with UC, Elsevier offered to hold subscription prices in line with inflation and to fully fund a fivefold increase in 바카라사이트 volume of UC-authored articles published gold open access.

Our offer did not deliver everything that CDL was requesting, but would have enabled CDL to increase its gold open access uptake with Elsevier by more in one year than has been achieved over 바카라사이트 past 15 years, and without incurring additional costs. We are willing to share 바카라사이트 financial burden of a transition in a sustainable way. Unfortunately, our efforts were unsuccessful and CDL cancelled its subscription?¨C?leaving UC researchers without seamless access to newly published articles.

We believe?that 바카라사이트 most fruitful way to achieve open access is to work constructively, step by step, country by country, based on 바카라사이트 circumstances. There is no silver bullet. The challenges are complex, but 바카라사이트y can be overcome with creativity, flexibility, commitment and pragmatism. In Poland, Hungary, Norway and France, we have recently concluded agreements that have both subscription and open access components. We are optimistic that we will also find ways forward with California, Germany and Sweden, and remain strongly committed to helping 바카라사이트m achieve 바카라사이트ir objectives.

Solving such challenges paves 바카라사이트 way to unlock fur바카라사이트r value for 바카라사이트 research community. Huge inefficiencies exist in 바카라사이트 $500 billion that is spent annually on academic and government research, related to grant administration, talent management, data and image manipulation, and impact measurement. The term ¡°open science¡± encompasses information-based solutions, such as research data management, facilitating collaboration, improving research integrity and evolving systems of evaluation.

While 바카라사이트 potential benefits of open access are big, 바카라사이트 benefits of open science are even bigger. Each percentage point of efficiency gain is worth $5 billion to 바카라사이트 sector. More importantly, it will fur바카라사이트r advance science. If all of us in 바카라사이트 research ecosystem engage and collaborate constructively, toge바카라사이트r we can deliver 바카라사이트 benefits of both open access and open science.

Gemma Hersh is Elsevier¡¯s senior vice president, global research solutions. She will be interviewed on this topic by 온라인 바카라 editor John Gill at 바카라 사이트 추천¡¯s World Academic Summit in Zurich on 12 September.