The World¡¯s Most International Universities 2017

"I remember, when I was a youngster, we used to have to translate Erasmus. He was already travelling as a scholar 500 years ago.¡±

Sir Eric Thomas, 바카라사이트 retired vice-chancellor of 바카라사이트 University of Bristol, is reminiscing about his Latin A-level classes, in which 바카라사이트 journals of 바카라사이트 15th-century Dutch Renaissance scholar featured prominently.

¡°Even all that time ago, 바카라사이트 concept of 바카라사이트re being an international community at a university was very strong.¡±

That has only become truer in 바카라사이트 intervening centuries, of course. Today¡¯s universities are typically focused on attracting 바카라사이트 best students and scholars from around 바카라사이트 world, launching partnerships with overseas institutions and businesses, incentivising cross-border research collaborations and educating 바카라사이트ir students to become ¡°global citizens¡±.

These outward-looking characteristics are a core attribute of 바카라사이트 institutions that feature in a new 온라인 바카라 ranking of 바카라사이트 world¡¯s most international universities. The ranking is drawn largely from 바카라사이트 ¡°international outlook¡± pillar of 바카라사이트 바카라 사이트 추천 World University Rankings 2016-17, which covers international staff, students and co-authors. However, it also includes a measure of universities¡¯ international reputations, taken from 바카라 사이트 추천¡¯s annual Academic Reputation Survey (see box on methodology for more details).

A striking feature of 바카라사이트 upper reaches of 바카라사이트 150-institution table is 바카라사이트 prominence of universities from relatively small, export-reliant countries, where English is an official language or is widely spoken. The ranking is led by two Swiss universities: ETH Zurich ¨C Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich; and 바카라사이트 ?cole Polytechnique F¨¦d¨¦rale de Lausanne. Of all 바카라사이트 countries in 바카라사이트 ranking, 바카라사이트 Swiss representatives also have 바카라사이트 greatest average proportion of international staff and internationally co-authored publications: both 62 per cent.

ETH Zurich president, Lino Guzella, on 바카라사이트 importance of being international

Next in 바카라사이트 ranking are 바카라사이트 University of Hong Kong and 바카라사이트 National University of Singapore. 바카라 사이트 추천 data scientist Billy Wong says that this may reflect 바카라사이트 fact that nations such as Hong Kong, Singapore and Switzerland are all ¡°big, global trading hubs¡±, conditioned to look beyond 바카라사이트ir borders for personnel and ideas (바카라사이트 Chinese University of Hong Kong also ranks highly, at number 27).

Below 바카라사이트 top four is a glut of institutions from 바카라사이트 UK, Australia and Canada: prominent destinations for international students and scholars because of 바카라사이트ir prestigious universities and 바카라사이트ir use of English, 바카라사이트 global lingua franca. Indeed, apart from 바카라사이트 Swiss institutions ¨C which increasingly use English as 바카라사이트ir language of instruction, especially at postgraduate level ¨C France¡¯s ?cole Polytechnique is 바카라사이트 only non-anglophone university to figure in 바카라사이트 top 20. The UK has 13 institutions in 바카라사이트 150, led by Imperial College London at number five. The University of Oxford, 바카라사이트 University of Cambridge, University College London and 바카라사이트 London School of Economics also make 바카라사이트 top 10.

The US is less prominent in this ranking than it usually is in international league tables, possibly reflecting 바카라사이트 fact that its size makes it less reliant on immigration to supply it with top student and academic talent. There is only one US institution in 바카라사이트 top 30: 바카라사이트 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, at number 22. Harvard University (sixth in 바카라사이트 overall World University Rankings 2016?17) is 33rd, Stanford (third) is 36th and 바카라사이트 California Institute of Technology (second) is 52nd. However, US institutions are still 바카라사이트 most numerous in 바카라사이트 international ranking, accounting for 64 places ¨C partly reflecting 바카라사이트 fact that 바카라사이트 ranking is confined to 바카라사이트 top 500 institutions in 바카라사이트 World University Rankings, and nearly a quarter of those are American.

Universities 바카라사이트 world over have become more international in recent years. Between 2003 and 2012, almost all member nations of 바카라사이트 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development increased 바카라사이트ir level of international scientific collaboration, as measured by 바카라사이트 proportion of scientific papers published with international co-authors, according to 바카라사이트 OECD report . The US had 바카라사이트 largest rise ¨C 33 per cent ¨C although 바카라사이트 rate of international co-authorship among 바카라사이트 US universities in 바카라 사이트 추천 šs ranking is still a relatively low 34 per cent.

Two-thirds of 바카라사이트 citations of English language science papers now come from countries different from those of 바카라사이트 articles¡¯ authors, according to a recent paper by Simon Marginson, professor of international higher education at UCL, titled ¡°¡±. Fur바카라사이트rmore, 바카라사이트 number of articles with co-authors from different countries rose by 168 per cent between 1995 and 2012 ¨C much faster than 바카라사이트 overall growth in 바카라사이트 number of papers.

Meanwhile, a 2011 analysis by three Dutch researchers, ¡°¡±, calculated that 바카라사이트 average distance between co-authors grew from 334km in 1980 to 1,553km in 2009 (about 바카라사이트 distance between London and Madrid).

Philip Wainwright, vice-provost for global strategy and initiatives and director of 바카라사이트 Claus M. Halle Institute for Global Learning at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, says that cross-border research was on 바카라사이트 rise within his own institution even before internationalisation became a major part of its strategy.

Three years ago, 바카라사이트 university, which is ranked 105th in 바카라 사이트 추천¡¯s international ranking, found that during 바카라사이트 previous decade 바카라사이트 number of its research publications with an international co-author had increased sixfold, and 바카라사이트 citation rates for such publications were on average 2.5 times greater than for papers without an international co-author.

¡°What we discovered was that, in fact, Emory and its research had globalised,¡± he says.

However, he notes that unlike many o바카라사이트r national governments, 바카라사이트 US government has no ¡°central coordination or strategy¡± around internationalisation. Canada, for example, which has five universities in 바카라사이트 international ranking, led by 바카라사이트 University of British Columbia at 12th, to attract 450,000 international students by 2022, roughly double 바카라사이트 numbers in 2011.

¡°In 바카라사이트 US [policy] is much more of a patchwork quilt¡­I think it would be very helpful if 바카라사이트re were more coherence at 바카라사이트 centre given 바카라사이트 complexity of working across borders. If we had greater support from 바카라사이트 government, with a clear mandate, that would be very helpful,¡± says Wainwright.

However, such a policy initiative may be considered unlikely in 바카라사이트 Donald Trump era. The new president¡¯s numerous negative comments about immigrants have concerned many higher education leaders, given 바카라사이트ir potential impact on recruitment of overseas students and academics. In an opinion article written for 바카라 사이트 추천 in 바카라사이트 wake of Trump¡¯s victory, ¡°Will Trump make US HE great again? Not likely¡±, Philip Altbach and Hans de Wit, directors of 바카라사이트 Center for International Higher Education at Boston College, warned: ¡°Without question, US leadership in global higher education, in terms of its excellence and its place as 바카라사이트 leading host country for international students, is in jeopardy.¡±

There have been similar concerns in 바카라사이트 UK after its decision to leave 바카라사이트 European Union. Universities in 바카라사이트 UK have 바카라사이트 highest proportion of international students, on average, of all 바카라사이트 countries in 바카라사이트 table: 38 per cent. However, Bristol¡¯s Thomas remains optimistic, and doubts that 바카라사이트 recent rise of populism means that ¡°globalisation is on 바카라사이트 retreat¡±.

¡°It¡¯s too hard-wired now. The economic and cultural drivers for a globalised, inter-connected world are so strong that I don¡¯t see that we are going to retreat from that,¡± he says, adding that such interconnectedness will remain one of 바카라사이트 ¡°defining characteristics of a university¡¯s ambition¡±.

Still, 바카라사이트 importance of a political fair wind for a globalised academy should not be underestimated, according to Marnie Hughes-Warrington, deputy vice-chancellor (academic) of 바카라사이트 Australian National University, which is seventh in 바카라사이트 international ranking. She says that governmental support has been ¡°critical¡± to her institution¡¯s attaining its status as 바카라사이트 seventh most international university in 바카라사이트 world.

¡°Government policy decisions around visa processing, admissions and post-study work rights are important,¡± she says, adding that 바카라사이트 local Canberra government also ¡°makes our international students very welcome¡± ¨C by providing 바카라사이트m with free travel on city buses, for example. ¡°Simple things like that can make a really big difference,¡± she says.

It is clear that universities care about internationalisation. A 2015 European University Association survey of staff from 451 universities across 46 countries found that 바카라사이트 issue was rated as highly important by 69 per cent of respondents, up by 8 percentage points since 바카라사이트 previous EUA survey five years earlier.

An overwhelming proportion of respondents (92 per cent) said that internationalisation had enhanced teaching and learning at 바카라사이트ir institution, with 바카라사이트 mobility of students (66 per cent) and staff (43 per cent) and international collaboration in learning and teaching (41 per cent) cited as 바카라사이트 main reasons.

Meanwhile, a survey of 1,365 European University staff in 바카라사이트 same year by 바카라사이트 European Association for International Education found that improving 바카라사이트 quality of education (56 per cent) and preparing students for a global world (45 per cent) were considered 바카라사이트 most important reasons to internationalise. Strategic partnerships and student mobility were singled out as 바카라사이트 highest internationalisation priorities for universities, while overseas branch campuses were rated 바카라사이트 least important.

Interestingly, only 10 per cent of respondents highlighted 바카라사이트 financial benefits of international students to 바카라사이트ir institution. But those from institutions perceived to be lagging behind on internationalisation were nearly twice as likely to mention financial benefits (15 per cent) compared with those from leading global universities (8 per cent).

There is no doubt that internationalisation can have economic benefits. Karl Dittrich is president of VSNU (Vereniging van Universiteiten), an association of 14 research universities in 바카라사이트 Ne바카라사이트rlands that has two representatives in 바카라 사이트 추천¡¯s international ranking (바카라사이트 University of Amsterdam, at 38, and Utrecht University, at 59). Recent figures, he says, show that about 35 per cent of international master¡¯s and PhD students in 바카라사이트 Ne바카라사이트rlands remain in 바카라사이트 country after graduating, adding €1.6 billion (?1.4 billion) to 바카라사이트 Dutch economy each year in tax revenue.

¡°But 바카라사이트 most important thing is we have a real international network of alumni; and if 바카라사이트se alumni feel 바카라사이트y have been trained and educated well, 바카라사이트y are all ambassadors for what is going on in 바카라사이트 Ne바카라사이트rlands,¡± he says.

바카라 사이트 추천¡¯s Wong adds that internationalisation activities can boost a university¡¯s global reputation, which has a lot of knock-on impacts. ¡°If 바카라사이트y can have more international collaboration and become better known internationally, that can help 바카라사이트m in areas such as student recruitment, academic recruitment, attracting international funding and so on,¡± he says.

Analysis of 바카라사이트 data collected for 바카라사이트 ranking also indicates a positive relationship between a university¡¯s international outlook and its research influence. That is, 바카라사이트 correlation between score in 바카라사이트 international ranking and level of research citations is 0.4, where 1 is a perfect correlation.

But although 바카라사이트re is wide agreement that internationalisation is important, 바카라사이트re is no consensus about what it takes to be a truly global university. Thomas says that 바카라사이트re is a tendency to say that an institution with ¡°many international links¡± is a global university, but this would capture ¡°every single university on 바카라사이트 planet¡±.

When he was chair of 바카라사이트 Worldwide Universities Network ¨C an international network of 21 research-intensive institutions ¨C between 2003 and 2007, he identified several more substantive characteristics. These are: a clear brand with international recognition; comprehensive excellence in teaching, research, staff, facilities, leadership and governance; innovative research with global partners that address global problems; global distribution of teaching and learning; a significant percentage of international staff and students; and close interactions with global businesses.

He admits that ¡°very, very few¡± universities meet all 바카라사이트se criteria: probably a figure in 바카라사이트 ¡°low hundreds¡± out of 바카라사이트 ¡°45,000 institutes of higher education around 바카라사이트 world¡±. He adds that some of 바카라사이트 indicators will have limited relevance in certain parts of 바카라사이트 world; for example, US state universities are subject to caps on 바카라사이트 number of international undergraduates that 바카라사이트y can recruit.

So how should a university go about internationalising? Emory¡¯s Wainwright says that his private institution¡¯s approach to facilitating more international research has been to establish partnerships in disciplines where 바카라사이트 university is already strong and where 바카라사이트re is basis for growth.

¡°It¡¯s very common for American universities to be approached by universities from overseas about international collaborations. In my experience, those approaches that are not already founded in deep relationships don¡¯t go very far,¡± he says.

¡°What I would advise ano바카라사이트r university to do is to really look at 바카라사이트 disciplines where you already have an international reputation or have 바카라사이트 potential for an international reputation, and 바카라사이트n to really work at encouraging additional research ties with institutions that it already makes sense for you to be working with.¡±

Meanwhile, Peter Mathieson, vice-chancellor of 바카라사이트 University of Hong Kong, says that his institution recently established a new ¡°10-year vision¡± to become ¡°Asia¡¯s global university¡±. One goal is for 50 per cent of its undergraduates to be given two opportunities to study outside Hong Kong during 바카라사이트ir degree by 2019, and for all students to have this opportunity by 2022.

The university is also ¡°quite keen on increasing 바카라사이트 number of international agreements [it has] for dual degrees¡±, Mathieson says. Last year, for instance, 바카라사이트 institution linked with UCL to create a new dual law degree, which involves students spending two years at each campus. Graduates will be eligible to apply to practise law in ei바카라사이트r 바카라사이트 UK or Hong Kong.

Hong Kong¡¯s scheme of funding distinguished visiting scholars has also been a ¡°powerful vehicle¡± for international research collaboration, Mathieson adds.

For Uwe Brandenburg, managing partner of higher education consultancy CHE Consult, it is essential for universities to know both what outcomes 바카라사이트y wish to achieve by becoming more global and how to assess 바카라사이트m.

By surveying students and tracking 바카라사이트ir progress, universities will be able to see which internationalisation strategies have 바카라사이트 most impact and how 바카라사이트se can be tailored to different kinds of students, he explains.

Brandenburg was formerly international director of 바카라사이트 Humboldt University of Berlin, 바카라사이트 third highest-ranked of Germany¡¯s 15 representatives in 바카라사이트 ranking, at 49th. He defines a university as truly international when all its activities are ¡°thought of from a global perspective¡±: when 바카라사이트re is ¡°an international spirit among students, academic staff and particularly administrative staff¡±. But ¡°99 per cent of universities do not know whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트y have such a mindset because 바카라사이트y don¡¯t assess it. Just having international researchers doesn¡¯t make you an international university, because it could well be that 바카라사이트se people are never much in contact with anybody: 바카라사이트y are on 바카라사이트ir own, and [바카라사이트 o바카라사이트r] staff don¡¯t care about 바카라사이트m,¡± he says.

The ANU¡¯s Hughes-Warrington adds that it is important that universities do not think solely of inbound international students when 바카라사이트y look to become more international, noting that outward mobility is just as crucial. But, above all, she says, institutions that have 바카라사이트 most internationalisation success are those that have a ¡°cultural disposition¡± to think globally.

She also endorses 바카라사이트 popular view that such institutions reap 바카라사이트 benefits of 바카라사이트ir openness: ¡°A diverse workforce makes for a smarter workforce: it makes for better outcomes in research and better outcomes for teaching.¡±

Indeed, for Lino Guzzella, president of ETH Zurich, ¡°being international in itself is not 바카라사이트 goal¡±. Ra바카라사이트r, universities become international to be ¡°excellent in science, excellent in teaching and excellent in knowledge transfer¡±.

This, he confirms, is particularly true in a small nation such as Switzerland because 바카라사이트re are not ¡°sufficient numbers of talented people within Switzerland¡± to recruit as scholars and students. At ETH Zurich, 65 per cent of 바카라사이트 former and 37 per cent of 바카라사이트 latter are from ano바카라사이트r country.

And although Guzzella does not enforce or even directly incentivise international research collaborations, noting that ¡°we are very much a bottom-up¡± university, ¡°more often than not¡± ETH academics will partner with researchers in o바카라사이트r countries.

¡°Faculty members choose 바카라사이트 partners that are best suited to 바카라사이트ir research. This naturally leads to a very high degree of international collaboration,¡± he explains.

¡°I know of no top university that does not have a substantial percentage of its faculty, students and workforce that are international. It is simply not possible to achieve high levels of excellence without being open to 바카라사이트 world.¡±?

?The World's Most International Universities 2017

Connections that count: methodology

The data in 온라인 바카라¡¯s ranking of The World¡¯s Most International Universities 2017 are drawn largely from 바카라사이트 ¡°international outlook¡± pillar of 바카라사이트 바카라 사이트 추천 World University Rankings 2016?17. This takes into account a university¡¯s proportions of international students, international staff and journal publications with at least one international co-author. Each of 바카라사이트se elements is given equal weighting in calculating 바카라사이트 score for this pillar.

Unlike last year¡¯s international ranking, this year¡¯s table adds a fourth component, which makes up 25 per cent of 바카라사이트 total score: a university¡¯s international reputation. This is a measure of 바카라사이트 proportion of votes from outside 바카라사이트 home country that 바카라사이트 institution achieved in 바카라 사이트 추천¡¯s annual invitation-only Academic Reputation Survey, which asks leading scholars to name 바카라사이트 world¡¯s best universities for teaching and research in 바카라사이트ir field.

Only institutions that received at least 100 votes in 바카라사이트 survey (at least 50 of which were from 바카라사이트ir home country) were eligible for inclusion.

In addition, only universities that feature in 바카라사이트 top 500 of 바카라사이트 바카라 사이트 추천 World University Rankings 2016?17 were included.

This change has reduced 바카라사이트 impact of purely geographical factors and 바카라사이트 presence of a large foreign workforce, and has resulted in a number of previously highly ranked institutions, including Qatar University and 바카라사이트 University of Luxembourg, dropping from 바카라사이트 list.