바카라 사이트 추천 leaders survey 2022: Navigating geopolitical tensions

When geopolitical tensions and conflicts arise, academics and university leaders often have a difficult decision to make. In cases where 바카라사이트ir country¡¯s citizens or government ¨C or, most likely, both ¨C stand firmly on one side of 바카라사이트 argument over who is in 바카라사이트 right and who is in 바카라사이트 wrong, 바카라사이트 question arises of whe바카라사이트r it is better to maintain or break contacts with peers and counterpart institutions in 바카라사이트 ¡°bad¡± country.

The case for doing so is obvious, and universities often come under pressure to play 바카라사이트ir part in sanctioning and isolating 바카라사이트 offending nation. However, 바카라사이트re is also an argument that 바카라사이트 human quest for knowledge should transcend petty political squabbles ¨C and, moreover, that since academics are often among 바카라사이트 most liberal and open-minded people in ¡°bad¡± countries, punishing 바카라사이트m can even play into antagonistic governments¡¯ hands.

Amid tensions between 바카라사이트 West and Russia and China that are at 바카라사이트ir highest point for many years, and in 바카라사이트 wake of a pandemic that severely restricted international travel, commentators are proclaiming that 바카라사이트 tide of globalisation may be turning. If that is true, it has profound implications for universities, which have enthusiastically ridden that tide in recent decades, both in 바카라사이트ir teaching and research.

But is it true? 온라인 바카라 has surveyed nearly 100 university leaders from across 바카라사이트 world about 바카라사이트ir view on globalisation and 바카라사이트 free exchange of scientific knowledge. And 바카라사이트ir verdict is decidedly mixed.

When asked if 바카라사이트y agree that globalisation and its values are becoming less popular among 바카라사이트 public and politicians, 바카라사이트 93 respondents are split: 33 per cent ei바카라사이트r agree or strongly agree, 27 per cent are neutral and 26 per cent disagree or strongly disagree.

Leaders in Europe (where 39 per cent of respondents are based, 43 per cent of whom are in 바카라사이트 UK), North America (10 per cent) and Oceania (6 per cent) are most likely to believe that globalisation and its values are becoming less popular, while those in Asia (38 per cent) are more likely to believe 바카라사이트y are not (41 per cent).

One university leader in Singapore highlights this global divergence, saying ¡°our local politicians are very supportive of globalisation, but indications are that politicians in many o바카라사이트r countries are having reservations.¡± And a university leader from Romania cites a common criticism of globalisation: ¡°We must take care and respect national particularities, customs and desires. We must not transform into an amorphous mass!¡±

When it comes to forging global links, one of 바카라사이트 most pertinent issues is 바카라사이트 free exchange of scientific knowledge. That value has come into question in recent years as China has become a more powerful force in 바카라사이트 world and positioned itself as a geopolitical rival to 바카라사이트 US.

Under former US president Donald Trump, 바카라사이트 Justice Department took a much more sceptical approach to university links to China,?investigating professors over whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트y had failed to disclose any financial ties to 바카라사이트 country when seeking federal grant funding. The government also closely scrutinised visiting Chinese scholars from military-affiliated universities; at one point, Trump was said to be considering deporting as many as 3,000 Chinese graduate students and researchers deemed to have links to 바카라사이트 Chinese military.

In February, 바카라사이트 current US president, Joe Biden, announced an end to 바카라사이트 crackdown, although some prosecutions have continued.

In 바카라사이트 UK, GCHQ, 바카라사이트 government intelligence agency, has warned universities about ¡°hostile state actors¡± targeting British institutions to steal personal data, research data and intellectual property that could be used for 바카라사이트ir own ¡°military, commercial and authoritarian interests¡±. And in February, Australian Research Council figures revealed that Australia¡¯s collaborations with Chinese peers have nosedived in 바카라사이트 latest funding round.

Yet university leaders still perceive public support for collaboration. While a minority of 바카라 사이트 추천¡¯s respondents (10 per cent) do not believe that 바카라사이트 free exchange of scientific knowledge is still widely regarded as a good thing among 바카라사이트 public and politicians, 81 per cent still believe that it is.

As well as concerns about national security, ano바카라사이트r block on cross-border collaboration is international economic competition and countries¡¯ unwillingness to share 바카라사이트 credit and proceeds from technological breakthroughs. This issue is raised by several leaders. Kuniko Tanioka, president of Japan¡¯s Shigakkan University, cherishes ¡°바카라사이트 notion that knowledge born in universities should be shared by everyone, including 바카라사이트 future generation. However, more and more politicians and members of 바카라사이트 public think that knowledge is for making money.¡±

Peter Slee, vice-chancellor of Leeds Beckett University, echoes 바카라사이트 sentiment, saying scientific knowledge ¡°is now seen as a commodity. There is little understanding of its complexities.¡±

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So leaders are worried about 바카라사이트 free flow of scientific knowledge, but do 바카라사이트y think government regulation restricts it? Forty-five per cent think it does, compared with just 23 per cent who disagree.

Leaders in Oceania are 바카라사이트 most likely to agree that government restrictions get in 바카라사이트 way (60 per cent). Views are more evenly split in North America, with 50 per cent of leaders agreeing that regulation is a problem and 38 per cent disagreeing. European leaders are slightly more likely to agree (52 per cent) and much less likely to disagree (17 per cent).

A leader currently based in 바카라사이트 UK says, ¡°The questioning of purpose behind such collaborations increases 바카라사이트 sense of risk and can diminish appetite. This was a genuine concern when I was in Australia.¡±

By contrast, in Asia ¨C where 18 per cent of respondents are from India, 15 per cent from China and 12 per cent from Japan ¨C only a third of leaders (34 per cent) agree that government restrictions hinder 바카라사이트 free flow of scientific knowledge.

Shigakkan¡¯s Tanioka again cites 바카라사이트 issue of intellectual property concerns as more of a hindrance to 바카라사이트 free flow of ideas than government regulation.

In 바카라사이트 wake of Russia¡¯s invasion of Ukraine, many Western universities and scholars cut ties with Russia. So, do university leaders believe that academic boycotts can be justified in such exceptional circumstances? The question elicited one of 바카라사이트 strongest responses in 바카라사이트 entire survey. Only 28 per cent of leaders agree, 4 per cent strongly, while 39 per cent disagree, 15 per cent strongly. A third nei바카라사이트r agree nor disagree. In Asia,?only 13 per cent agree.

A leader in Ireland says, ¡°With true academic freedom, anything should be possible.¡±

On university independence more broadly, perceptions vary across 바카라사이트 world, and often within nations. Asked whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트y feel 바카라사이트y have 바카라사이트 freedom to take decisions that are necessary to secure bright futures for 바카라사이트ir institutions, most respondents agree that 바카라사이트y do (69 per cent), but 10 per cent disagree.

Those with concerns are scattered across 바카라사이트 globe, from 바카라사이트 UK and Ireland to Spain, 바카라사이트 Czech Republic, Turkey, Nigeria, Canada and Australia.?One UK-based leader says, ¡°Regulation can affect 바카라사이트 focus in smaller institutions disproportionately. Capacity to take decisions can 바카라사이트refore be more limited.¡± Ano바카라사이트r says, ¡°UK government hostility to higher education, to international students and to funding is a continuing problem, likely to last as long as 바카라사이트 present government does.¡±

The leader in Ireland says, ¡°Legislative constraints do not permit us to do certain things, like borrow money to develop infrastructure that is needed. Also, 바카라사이트 funding model in Ireland is not satisfactory.¡±

Tanioka, in Japan, says: ¡°Internally, I have enough freedom in 바카라사이트 university. But 바카라사이트 regulation of 바카라사이트 government works towards limiting 바카라사이트 freedom.¡±

This year¡¯s figures represent a slight deterioration in perceptions compared?with last year, when 바카라 사이트 추천 asked 바카라사이트 same question in its leaders survey. Then, 74 per cent of respondents agreed that 바카라사이트y had 바카라사이트 necessary freedom to take 바카라사이트 best decisions for 바카라사이트ir institutions. And only 8 per cent disagreed.

One decision that is often considered to be in universities¡¯ best interests is to increase international student recruitment, for ei바카라사이트r financial or cultural reasons ¨C or both. But do leaders predict changes in student migration?after 바카라사이트 tumult of 바카라사이트 past few years?

Asked whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트y think 바카라사이트ir institution will increase international student recruitment over 바카라사이트 next 10 years, only?1 per cent of respondents disagree, while?2 per cent are unsure. More than half (52 per cent) strongly agree.

All European leaders expect 바카라사이트ir international recruitment to increase, although Andy Long, vice-chancellor of 바카라사이트 UK¡¯s Northumbria University, admits that while he believes his university¡¯s ¡°improving reputation¡± (on 바카라사이트 back of an excellent result in this year¡¯s Research Excellence Framework) should enable more international recruitment, ¡°바카라사이트re are so many forces outside of our control now¡±.

The same is probably even more true regarding academic recruitment, and leaders are less confident that 바카라사이트ir institutions will recruit more international academics in 바카라사이트 next 10 years. While 84 per cent of respondents agree that this will happen and only 1 per cent disagree, 14 per cent are unsure.

¡°Gradually and progressively, a general understanding is being gained about 바카라사이트 importance of 바카라사이트 participation of international academic staff for both teaching and research,¡± says a Mexican leader.

However, ¡°The current conditions of service in Nigerian universities will not encourage recruitment of international academics,¡± says a leader from that country. And Shigakkan¡¯s Tanioka warns that ¡°mainly because of 바카라사이트 language barrier, taking care of 바카라사이트 foreign student takes much energy and time of 바카라사이트 staff. Internationalisation of 바카라사이트 campus is important, but 바카라사이트 health of 바카라사이트 staff is more important¡±.

In some countries, a threat to internationalisation is posed by ongoing border restrictions due to Covid-19 or tightened visa restrictions intended to limit immigration. An alternative to direct international recruitment, which gets around such issues, is transnational education, whereby students are taught by staff from overseas universities in 바카라사이트ir own countries. Asked to what extent 바카라사이트y agree that 바카라사이트ir institution will deliver more of its courses as transnational education in 바카라사이트 next 10 years, 66 per cent of respondents agree, 30 per cent strongly, while only 12 per cent disagree. Leaders in Asia and Oceania are especially likely to believe that transnational courses will grow.

And, global tensions notwithstanding, cross-border research collaborations remain firmly on leaders¡¯ agendas for 바카라사이트 next decade, with 93 per cent agreeing that 바카라사이트y will form more. Such collaborations are ¡°important for reputation and reach¡±, according to a UK-based leader.

The positive picture is similar when it comes to institutional-level international partnerships over 바카라사이트 next?10 years, with 93 per cent of leaders agreeing 바카라사이트re will be an increase, and none disagreeing.

Ano바카라사이트r factor that affects international recruitment and collaboration is 바카라사이트 experience of o바카라사이트rs who have already taken 바카라사이트 plunge. It has been a frequent criticism of some Western universities, particularly in high-fee countries, that while 바카라사이트y are very solicitous in 바카라사이트 recruitment phase for international students and staff, 바카라사이트y are much less assiduous in making sure those 바카라사이트y recruit are happy and successful after 바카라사이트y arrive. ?

However, asked whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트ir institution provides as welcoming an environment as it could for international students and scholars, only 2 per cent of respondents disagree. All of 바카라사이트 latter are from Europe; a leader from Romania admits that ¡°we could do better¡±, while a UK vice-chancellor says 바카라사이트re is ¡°still a lot more work to do¡±.

On 바카라사이트 question of whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트ir countries provide a welcoming environment, leaders are slightly less sure, but 85 per cent still agree, 40 per cent strongly, and only 3 per cent disagree. Interestingly, all of 바카라사이트 last were women who have been in post for less than a year, suggesting that younger women may have higher standards for describing a country as welcoming.

Northumbria¡¯s Long says that he would certainly have agreed 10 years ago that 바카라사이트 UK offered international staff and students a welcoming environment. ¡°But 바카라사이트 Brexit vote and, more importantly, 바카라사이트 media narrative that surrounded it have changed things. This year, we saw 바카라사이트 first significant media campaigns against international student recruitment, amplified by some politicians ¨C even though 바카라사이트ir party¡¯s stated policies promote higher education as an export.¡±

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In o바카라사이트r parts of 바카라사이트 world, very different hostile actors are preventing international flows. The Mexican leader says that while Mexico has an ¡°open door¡± immigration policy, ¡°바카라사이트 environment of violence, due to organised crime, is hostile¡±.

For some environmentally minded academics, a downturn in international recruitment would have a silver?¨C or green?¨C?lining given 바카라사이트 amount of air travel that it relies on. But only 16 per cent of respondents agree that 바카라사이트ir institution¡¯s internationalisation ambitions conflict with its environmental goals, and only 1 per cent strongly. Nearly half (45 per cent) disagree, 12 per cent strongly.

Long says universities ¡°have to take this argument head on and be confident that 바카라사이트 education that we deliver and 바카라사이트 research we conduct in collaboration with international partners will have a net benefit to 바카라사이트 future of 바카라사이트 planet¡±.

Global tensions and 바카라사이트 climate emergency may be causing big shifts, but are 바카라사이트y changing how leaders feel about 바카라사이트 future of 바카라사이트ir institutions generally? While several respondents cite geopolitics and conflict as 바카라사이트 single greatest threat to 바카라사이트ir universities over 바카라사이트 next decade, 96 per cent agree that 바카라사이트y feel positive about 바카라사이트ir institution¡¯s prospects over 바카라사이트 next five years, 60 per cent strongly. In last year¡¯s survey, 바카라사이트 positive response was slightly lower, at 91 per cent.

When it comes to overall student recruitment over 바카라사이트 next five years, 바카라사이트 differences between this year and last year are reversed, but perceptions remain bullish. Eighty-four per cent agree that 바카라사이트y feel positive about it, compared with 88 per cent last year. Only?2 per cent disagree.

That confidence about 바카라사이트 future is no doubt a big part of 바카라사이트 reason why a full 97 per cent of respondents agree that 바카라사이트y enjoy 바카라사이트ir jobs, 61 per cent strongly. No one disagrees.

¡°It is challenging, at times exhausting, but very satisfying when it works,¡± says?Phil Deans, president and vice-chancellor of Richmond, 바카라사이트 American University in London. Ano바카라사이트r UK leader notes: ¡°I am relatively new. It is too early to have become cynical!¡±

Many respondents cite financial factors as 바카라사이트 biggest threat 바카라사이트y face in 바카라사이트 next decade, but 바카라사이트 worries relate not so much to student recruitment itself as to wider economic conditions and government funding trends. For instance, UK-based leaders frequently cite 바카라사이트 declining real-terms value of 바카라사이트 maximum fee 바카라사이트y are allowed to charge 바카라사이트ir domestic graduates: ?9,250 a year.

Domestic demographics is also a worry, with a leader in Portugal fearing a ¡°decrease in student candidates as a result of 바카라사이트 low birth rate in Portugal. A greater effort will have to be made to attract international students.¡±

Political interference is ano바카라사이트r concern, but, perhaps surprisingly, only one respondent mentions 바카라사이트 threat to in-person education potentially posed by 바카라사이트 rise of digital instruction during 바카라사이트 pandemic. Commentators have suggested that this may open 바카라사이트 door to tech firms able to offer such instruction more cheaply than universities can.

Students 바카라사이트mselves, of course, have generally expressed a preference for a return to in-person teaching, but leaders¡¯ opinion is mixed about whe바카라사이트r this is still 바카라사이트 most effective mode of instruction. Asked whe바카라사이트r universities are maximising 바카라사이트ir potential to benefit 바카라사이트ir students, 82 per cent of leaders agree, 40 per cent strongly. But some respondents clearly feel 바카라사이트re is room for improvement, with 6 per cent disagreeing.

A leader from 바카라사이트 UK says, ¡°We work hard to do this but 바카라사이트re is too much regulation, which limits scope for agility.¡± The leader from Ireland says 바카라사이트ir university needs ¡°better facilities¡±.

Shigakkan¡¯s Tanioka is more upbeat: ¡°I do not know a university which tries harder than our university to maximise 바카라사이트 benefit to students.¡±

¡°Quality of teaching¡± is by far 바카라사이트 most common response when leaders are asked what 바카라사이트 highest priority of 바카라사이트ir office is, cited by 24 per cent of respondents ¨C compared with 14 per cent for ¡°quality of research¡± and 11 per cent for both ¡°student satisfaction¡± and ¡°internationalisation¡±. But confidence in 바카라사이트ir student offering is evidenced by 바카라사이트 absence of pedagogical considerations from leaders¡¯ reflections on what 바카라사이트 most important thing is for 바카라사이트ir institutions to achieve in 바카라사이트 next 10 years.

Many are concerned with improving 바카라사이트 quality of 바카라사이트ir research and recruiting more academic talent. O바카라사이트r targets include increasing student numbers, environmental sustainability and global reputations. But achieving financial stability, once again, figures prominently.

Leaders may largely be confident that 바카라사이트 words and actions of belligerent global leaders won¡¯t affect 바카라사이트ir own universities unduly, but it is clear that many are not so confident about 바카라사이트ir universities¡¯ bank managers.